J/ApJ/799/4ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/799/4doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17990004CDSRiddle R.L.Tokovinin A.Mason B.D.Hartkopf W.I.Roberts L.C.JR,Baranec C.Law N.M.Bui K.Burse M.P.Das H.K.Dekany R.G.,Kulkarni S.Punnadi S.Ramaprakash A.N.Tendulkar S.P.2018-05-30T07:07:27Z2015-07-01T09:17:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometrymultiple-starsWe conducted a survey of nearby binary systems composed of main sequence stars of spectral types F and G in order to improve our understanding of the hierarchical nature of multiple star systems. Using Robo-AO, the first robotic adaptive optics instrument, we collected high angular resolution images with deep and well-defined detection limits in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey i' band. A total of 695 components belonging to 595 systems were observed. We prioritized observations of faint secondary components with separations over 10" to quantify the still poorly constrained frequency of their subsystems. Of the 214 secondaries observed, 39 contain such subsystems; 19 of those were discovered with Robo-AO. The selection-corrected frequency of secondary subsystems with periods from 10^3.5^ to 10^5^ days is 0.12+/-0.03, the same as the frequency of such companions to the primary. Half of the secondary pairs belong to quadruple systems where the primary is also a close pair, showing that the presence of subsystems in both components of the outer binary is correlated. The relatively large abundance of 2+2 quadruple systems is a new finding, and will require more exploration of the formation mechanism of multiple star systems. We also targeted close binaries with periods less than 100 yr, searching for their distant tertiary components, and discovered 17 certain and 2 potential new triples. In a subsample of 241 close binaries, 71 have additional outer companions. The overall frequency of tertiary components is not enhanced, compared to all (non-binary) targets, but in the range of outer periods from 10^6^ to 10^7.5^ days (separations on the order of 500AU), the frequency of tertiary components is 0.16+/-0.03, exceeding the frequency of similar systems among all targets (0.09) by almost a factor of two. Measurements of binary stars with Robo-AO allowed us to compute first orbits for 9 pairs and to improve orbits of another 11 pairs.2015ApJ...799....4Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/799/4CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)B/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004)I/322 : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)J/AJ/147/123 : Speckle interferometry with SOAR in 2012-2013 (Tokovinin+, 2014)J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples I. The FG-67 sample (Tokovinin, 2014)J/AJ/144/102 : Catalog of wide companions to Hipparcos stars (Tokovinin+, 2012)J/AJ/144/56 : Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2012 (Tokovinin+, 2012)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/AJ/144/7 : NIR imaging of Hipparcos astrometric binaries (Tokovinin+, 2012)J/MNRAS/421/2498 : Stellar companions of exoplanet host stars (Ginski+, 2012)J/AJ/143/42 : SOAR speckle interferometry in 2010-2011 (Hartkopf+, 2012)J/AJ/143/10 : 2008-2009 WIYN speckle obs. of binaries. VII. (Horch+, 2012)J/AJ/142/56 : Speckle interferometry at the USNO station (Hartkopf+, 2011)J/AJ/141/52 : Low-mass visual companions to nearby G-dwarfs (Tokovinin, 2011)J/AJ/140/1657 : PHASES diff. astrometry data archive. V. (Muterspaugh+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/AJ/139/743 : Speckle interferometry in 2008-09 (Tokovinin+, 2010)J/AJ/138/813 : Speckle interferometry at Mount Wilson Obs. (Hartkopf+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/62 : Survey of young solar analogs (Metchev+, 2009)J/AJ/137/3358 : Speckle interferometry of massive stars (Mason+, 2009)J/AJ/135/1334 : Speckle interferometry at the USNO station (Hartkopf+, 2008)J/AJ/134/2353 : Observations of contact binaries (Rucinski+, 2007)J/AJ/131/2687 : Speckle interferometry at USNO. XI (Mason+, 2006)J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)J/AJ/129/2420 : Proper motion derivatives of binaries (Makarov+, 2005)J/AJ/123/1023 : Binary star orbits (Seymour+, 2002)J/A+A/382/118 : Spectroscopic sub-systems in multiple stars (Tokovinin+, 2002)J/AJ/121/3224 : Speckle interferometry of HIP binaries (Mason+, 2001)J/A+A/341/121 : Visual binary orbits and masses (Soederhjelm 1999)J/ApJS/117/587 : Observations of double stars. XVIII. (Heintz 1998)J/A+AS/124/75 : Multiple star catalogue (MSC) (Tokovinin 1997-1999)http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/dsl.html#iau : IAU comission 26: multiple starshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/799/4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/799/4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/799/4https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/799/4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/799/4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/799/4GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/799/4/table3 (List of observed components belonging to 595 systems and detection limits)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/4/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/4/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/4/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.5695-13.40744440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/799/4/table4 (Measurements of binary stars with Robo-AO)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/4/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/4/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/4/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.69655862.13015250.0055555555555555566/9 28 46 49 75 79 90 188 254 313 314 359 377 411 417 493 508 535 542 618 701 706 725 750 752 765 781 784 798 861 900 934 940 944 1024 1032 1063 1108 1164 1201 1216 1247 1362 1415 1433 1452 1510 1531 1545 1550 1577 1613 1639 1673 1686 1687 1694 1706 1739 1790 1865 1888 1926 1940 1947 2021 2042 2060 2076 2127 2169 2213 2242 2247 2254 2286 2290 2317 2323 2366 2374 2455 2476 2493 2562 2636 2639 2704 2747 2771 2778 2789 2793 2837 2908 2917 2940 2953 3011 3049 3060 3083 3118 3200 3238 3249 3296 3304 3307 3313 3370 3398 3468 3500 3525 3551 3569 3644 3650 3741 3805 3864 3870 3888 3929 3988 4062 4129 4164 4184 4225 4227 4292 4308 4388 4460 4569 4591 4611 4661 4670 4879 4881 4917 5091 5095 5108 5299 5377 5447 5498 5527 5531 5537 5553 5668 5721 5917 5924 5985 6002 6023 6066 6106 6147 6171 6273 6325 6522 6534 6631 6632 6755 6766 6873 7033 7075 7094 7192 7319 7354 7361 7390 7503 7580 7695 7753 7757 7803 7978 8237 8306 8345 8429 8614 8653 8721 8743 8788 8930 8935 8941 9002 9032 9075 9114 9294 9391 9399 9442 9492 9540 9580 9680 9712 9883 10140 10225 10234 10255 10313 10485 10747 10814 10826 11034 11075 11128 11146 11180 11250 11274 11290 11309 11385 11403 11433 11546 11562 11734 11810 11935 11958 12182 12228 12295 12303 12312 12343 12390 12400 12408 12465 12637 12718 12798 12845 12864 12890 12964 13016 13075 13101 13106 13110 13115 13124 13243 13257 13309 13310 13311 13388 13440 13503 13538 13563 13671 13716 13733 13749 13766 13772 13776 13802 13892 13922 13943 13955 13960 13966 14079 14084 14089 14166 14204 14266 14341 14375 14393 14459 14464 14525 14534 14543 14549 14562 14607 14650 14735 14748 14757 14771 14786 14814 14860 14861 14908 14917 14994 14998 15049 15144 15147 15156 15174 15195 15221 15289 15305 15349 15452 15542 15590 15607 15672 15683 15819 15870 15876 15892 15901 16088 16170 16183 16302 16338 16359 17136 17201 17223 17254 17268 17273 17280 17341 17355 17394 17462 17504 17513 17563 17588 17618 17619 17624 17637 17695 17721 17844 17872 17875 17954 17965 17991 18112 18123 18133 18153 18184 18327 18329 18340 18356 18407 18426 18537 18613 18623 18636 18654 18688 18726 18744 18749 18820 18899 18921 18974 19100 19101 19153 19217 19256 19274 19288 19309 19312 19317 19323 19357 19362 19374 19385 19417 19445 19448 19462 19500 19553 19613 19670 19751 19794 19816 19846 19872 19874 19886 20005 20046 20107 20127 20217 20252 20304 20365 20419 20428 20440 20479 21373 21431 21498 21715 21772 21785 21790 21858 21869 21937 21958 22074 22088 22278 22289 22302 22355 22479 22671 22680 22692 22707 22762 22777 22827 22887 22939 22990 22995 23018 23021 23094 23150 23176 23181 23190 23213 23271 23277 23335 23342 23396 23403 23410 23429 23438 23496 23523 23527 23529 23535 23538 23539 23544 23545 23575 23632 23636 23683 23734 23738 23755 23872 23887 24003 24029 24037 24102 24117 24151 24192 24195 24201 24206 24222 24297 24303 24315 24499 24522 24535 25713 25832 26015 26060 26091 26174 26221 26326 26391 26440 26455 26468 26522 26547 26610 27002 27268 27305 27336 27352 27357 27362 27386 27422 27431 27456 27554 27623 27712 27745 27822 28031 28101 28179 28180 28245 28338 28491 28510 28582 29551 29928 30016 30048 30195 30264 30383 30484 30527 30536 30561 30576 30577 30703 30708 30716 30859 30930 30983 31029 31072 31073 31314 31416 31742 31751 31821 31860 32075 32083 32086 32093 32431 32516 32537 32549 32575 32713 32748 36287 36669 36748 36755 36762 36784 36834 36854 40819 40823 40893 40931 44542 44887 48599 48607 48882 48883 49121 491223.5843623949537626e-19 6.298446873438916e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/799/4?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/799/4/table3List of observed components belonging to 595 systems and detection limitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNoNumber of observations for this systemmeta.numberintnullableRNumber of Robo-AO resultsmeta.ref.urlintnullableHIPHipparcos number of the primary component in each systemmeta.idintm_HIPComponent identifiermeta.code.multipcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[3.4/17]? The V band magnitude from Hipparcosmagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableSep[0/1156] Separation from primaryarcsecpos.angDistancefloatEpoch[2012.6/2013.7] Epoch of observationyrtime.epochdoubleSep0.15[0/4] Detection limit {Delta}m(0.15arcsec)magphot.magfloatSep0.8[1/6] Detection limit {Delta}m(0.8arcsec)magphot.magfloatSep2.1[1/9] Detection limit {Delta}m(2.1arcsec)magphot.magfloatrho[2.5/22] Maximum separation of detectable satellite (distance to nearest frame border)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/799/4/table4Measurements of binary stars with Robo-AOWDSWDS designation (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharDiscDiscoverer designationmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_DiscWDS componentmeta.code.multipcharNoNumber of observations for this systemmeta.numberintnullableRNumber of Robo-AO resultsmeta.ref.urlintnullableHIPHipparcos number of the primary component in each systemmeta.idintm_HIPComponent identifiermeta.code.multipcharEpoch[2012.6/2013.7] Epoch of observationyrtime.epochdoubleN[1/10] Number of observationsmeta.numberintPA[0/360] Position angle {theta}degpos.posAngfloate_PA[0/2.6] The 1{sigma} error in PAdegstat.errorfloatrho[0.09/38.7] Separation {rho}arcsecpos.angDistancefloate_rho[0/352.1] The 1{sigma} error in rhoarcsecstat.errorfloatDmag[0/7.1] Magnitude difference between componentsmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatf_Dmag[:zrw] Flag on Dmag (1)meta.codechar(O-C)t? The (O-C) residual in PAdegstat.fit.residualfloatnullable(O-C)r? The (O-C) residual in rhoarcsecstat.fit.residualfloatnullableRef? Reference code (see refs.dat file)meta.noteintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition (from Simbad with HIP number) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (from Simbad with HIP number) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/799/4/table5New pairs resolved with Robo-AOrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWDSWDS designation (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharNoNumber of observations for this systemmeta.numberintnullableHIPHipparcos number of the primary component in each systemmeta.numberintDiscDiscoverer designationmeta.idcharN[1/5] Number of observationsmeta.numberintPA[0/360] Position angle ({theta})degpos.posAngfloatrho[0.09/39] Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatDmag[0/7] Magnitude difference between componentsmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatu_DmagUncertainty flag on Dmagmeta.code.error;arith.diffcharNotesStatus and remarks (1)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/799/4/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.note;meta.mainintprimaryBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notechar