J/ApJ/799/155ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/799/155doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17990155CDSDaemgen S.Bonavita M.Jayawardhana R.Lafreniere D.Janson M.2018-05-29T08:26:13Z2015-07-15T10:55:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsinfrared-photometrystellar-massesWe present results from a large, high-spatial-resolution near-infrared imaging search for stellar and sub-stellar companions in the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. The sample covers 64 stars with masses between those of the most massive Taurus members at ~3M_{sun}_ and low-mass stars at ~0.2M_{sun}_. We detected 74 companion candidates, 34 of these reported for the first time. Twenty-five companions are likely physically bound, partly confirmed by follow-up observations. Four candidate companions are likely unrelated field stars. Assuming physical association with their host star, estimated companion masses are as low as ~2M_Jup_. The inferred multiplicity frequency within our sensitivity limits between ~10-1500AU is 26.3_-4.9_^+6.6^%. Applying a completeness correction, 62%+/-14% of all Taurus stars between 0.7 and 1.4M_{sun}_ appear to be multiple. Higher order multiples were found in 1.8_-1.5_^+4.2^% of the cases, in agreement with previous observations of the field. We estimate a sub-stellar companion frequency of ~3.5%-8.8% within our sensitivity limits from the discovery of two likely bound and three other tentative very low-mass companions. This frequency appears to be in agreement with what is expected from the tail of the stellar companion mass ratio distribution, suggesting that stellar and brown dwarf companions share the same dominant formation mechanism. Further, we find evidence for possible evolution of binary parameters between two identified sub-populations in Taurus with ages of ~2Myr and ~20Myr, respectively.2015ApJ...799..155Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/799/155CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/322 : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)J/ApJ/757/141 : Companion IR detection limits in associations (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission from Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/119 : Close companions to young stars. I. ChaI + Tau (Nguyen+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)J/ApJ/736/89 : Search for companions around nearby stars (Janson+, 2011)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/ApJ/724/835 : The Spitzer c2d survey of WTTSs. III. (Wahhaj+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)J/ApJ/709/L114 : Protoplanetary disks in PMS binaries (Duchene, 2010)J/A+A/509/A52 : Search for companions with VLT/NACO (Chauvin+, 2010)J/ApJ/704/531 : The coevality of young binary systems (Kraus+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/1511 : Wide binaries in Taurus and Upper Sco (Kraus+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/62 : Survey of young solar analogs (Metchev+, 2009)J/MNRAS/389/869 : Multiplicity among bright stellar systems (Eggleton+, 2008)J/PASJ/60/209 : Faint companions around YSOs in TMC (Itoh+, 2008)J/ApJ/662/413 : Wide multiplicity in 3 associations with 2MASS (Kraus+, 2007)J/ApJ/647/1180 : Infrared photometry of Taurus SFR (Luhman+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of brown dwarfs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)J/A+A/376/982 : Near-IR observations of young binaries (Woitas+, 2001)J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/799/155https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/799/155http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/799/155https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/799/155https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/799/155http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/799/155GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/799/155/table1 (The target sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/155/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/155/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/799/155/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true63.570833328.18272220.0055555555555555566/324 331 332 338 342 347 350 358 368 478 1048 1050 1055 1066 1073 1074 1075 1083 1098 1099 1103 1114 1115 1124 1134 1140 1154 1155 1156 1159 1165 1168 1169 1170 1174 1182 1199 23517 23518 23542 23549 23550 24107 24201 24203 24204 24205 24230 24234 24237 24249 243008.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/799/155?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/799/155/table2Candidate companion parametersMmMembership (G1)meta.code.membercharStCompanionship status (6)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNoObservations of Detected companion(s)meta.numberintnullableNameTarget name (as in table 1)meta.id;meta.maincharm_NameComponent (1)meta.code.multipcharf_Name[e] Binary system (2)meta.codecharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullablen_DateProblematic detection (3)meta.notecharSep[0.08/12.6]? Binary separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablee_Sep[0.001/0.2]? Sep uncertaintyarcsecstat.errorfloatnullablePA[2/358]? Position angledegpos.posAngfloatnullablee_PA[0.02/2.1]? PA uncertaintydegstat.errorfloatnullableu_DelK[~] Uncertainty flag on DelKmeta.code.errorcharDelK[0/12.5]? K-band magnitude difference between the primary and the secondarymagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DelK[0.005/1]? DelK uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullablef_DelK[p] p: primary saturatedmeta.codecharM1[0.22/2.8]? Primary masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableM2[0.002/1.3]? Secondary mass (4)solMassphys.massfloatnullableM2/M1[0/1]? Secondary to primary mass ratio (4)phys.massfloatnullableEdet[0/21]? Number of expected chance alignments with unrelated background stars (5)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableNdet[0/33]? Number of actual detectionsmeta.numberintnullableRefPrevious reference (7)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/ApJ/799/155/table1The target samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMmMembership (G1)meta.code.membercharNoObservations of Detected companion(s)meta.numberintnullableNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharf_Name[c] Binary system (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainKsmag[5.9/11.2] 2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT[1/6] SpT reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintEvidenceMembership evidence (3)meta.code.membercharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar