J/ApJ/797/115ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/797/115doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17970115CDSBellini A.Anderson J.van der Marel R.P.Watkins L.L.King I.R.,Bianchini P.Chaname J.Chandar R.Cool A.M.Ferraro F.R.Ford H.,Massari D.2017-07-04T07:08:51Z2015-09-17T10:05:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersproper-motionshst-photometryWe present the first study of high-precision internal proper motions (PMs) in a large sample of globular clusters, based on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data obtained over the past decade with the ACS/WFC, ACS/HRC, and WFC3/UVIS instruments. We determine PMs for over 1.3 million stars in the central regions of 22 clusters, with a median number of ~60000 stars per cluster. These PMs have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the internal kinematics of globular clusters by extending past line-of-sight (LOS) velocity measurements to two- or three-dimensional velocities, lower stellar masses, and larger sample sizes. We describe the reduction pipeline that we developed to derive homogeneous PMs from the very heterogeneous archival data. We demonstrate the quality of the measurements through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We also discuss the PM errors introduced by various systematic effects and the techniques that we have developed to correct or remove them to the extent possible. We provide in electronic form the catalog for NGC 7078 (M 15), which consists of 77837 stars in the central 2.4'. We validate the catalog by comparison with existing PM measurements and LOS velocities and use it to study the dependence of the velocity dispersion on radius, stellar magnitude (or mass) along the main sequence, and direction in the plane of the sky (radial or tangential).2014ApJ...797..115Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/797/115CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)J/ApJ/803/29 : HSTPROMO catalogs. II. Kinematic profiles (Watkins+, 2015)J/MNRAS/450/2692 : Structural parameters for Galactic GC (Vanderbeke+, 2015)J/A+A/573/A115 : Radial velocities in seven globular clusters (Lardo+, 2015)J/PASP/126/733 : BVI photometry of M15 stars (Feuillet+, 2014)J/ApJ/710/1032 : Proper motions in {omega} Cen (Anderson+, 2010)J/MNRAS/405/839 : Spectroscopic obs. of globular clusters (Sharina+, 2010)J/A+A/493/959 : UBV(RI)cHalpha photometry in omega Cen (Bellini+, 2009)J/AJ/134/1298 : CaII EWs in 29 Galactic clusters (Carrera+, 2007)J/ApJ/670/379 : UV photometry of M15 (Dieball+, 2007)J/other/A+AT/25.185 : Absolute proper motions of GCs (Dambis, 2006)J/other/RMxAA/42.75 : CCD RV curves of M15 RR Lyrae (Arellano Ferro+, 2006)J/ApJS/166/249 : Stellar dynamics & proper motions in 47Tuc (McLaughlin+, 2006)J/A+A/417/597 : Radial velocities in 4 globular clusters (Recio-Blanco+, 2004)J/ApJ/602/264 : Proper motions and radial velocities in M15 (McNamara+, 2004)J/ApJ/595/187 : Proper motions in M15 (McNamara+, 2003)J/AJ/124/3255 : UBV photometry in M15 (van der Marel+, 2002)J/A+A/391/945 : HST photometry of 74 galactic GCs (Piotto+, 2002)J/A+A/360/472 : Proper motions in omega Centauri (van Leeuwen+, 2000)J/AJ/119/2274 : JK Photometry of globular clusters M15 + M56 (Ivanov+, 2000)J/AJ/119/1268 : CFHT adaptive optics observations of M15 (Gebhardt+, 2000)J/AJ/115/708 : Radial Velocities in the Field of M15 (Drukier+ 1998)J/AJ/113/1026 : Fabry-Perot Observations of M15 (Gebhardt+ 1997)J/A+A/320/776 : Tidal radii of 7 globular clusters (Lehmann+ 1997)J/AJ/110/704 : RR Lyrae Variables in M15 (Silbermann+ 1995)J/AJ/109/218 : Catalogue of globular cluster profiles (Trager+ 1995)J/AJ/107/1745 : HST UVI photometry of M15. II. (Yanny+, 1994)J/ApJ/420/612 : Proper motions + radial velocities in M22 (Peterson+ 1994)J/AJ/106/154 : HST Observations in inner region of M15 (Ferraro+ 1993)J/ApJ/347/251 : Dynamics of Globular Cluster M15 (Peterson+ 1989)J/ApJS/61/667 : Kinematics of Galactic old population (Norris 1986)http://www.cosmic-lab.eu/Cosmic-Lab/Home.html : Cosmic-Lab home pagehttp://www.stsci.edu/~marel/hstpromo.html : HSTPROMO home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/797/115https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/797/115http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/797/115https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/797/115https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/797/115http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/797/115GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/797/115/table1 (Globular clusters and their parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/797/115/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/797/115/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/797/115/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.0237917-72.08130560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/797/115/table30 (*The NGC 7078 PM catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/797/115/table30?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/797/115/table30?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/797/115/table30?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true322.4930980612.167027220.0055555555555555566/9666 12405 16647 28705 28751 28973 30378 31417 33321 33330 34242 37294 41304 41852 42076 42314 42841 43227 47125 47868 48035 484342.3657755224268815e-19 3.5452907792336973e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/797/115?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/797/115/table1Globular clusters and their parametersONameOther designationmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGCCluster identifier (NGC number)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mains[ce] source of coordinates (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharDist[2.3/26.5] Heliocentric distance (3)kpcpos.distancefloat[Fe/H][-2.4/-0.4] Metallicity (3)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatE(B-V)[0.02/0.5] Foreground reddening (3)magphot.color.excessfloatsigma[2/19] Velocity dispersion ({sigma}V_LOS_) (3)km/sphys.veloc.dispersionfloate_sigma[0.2/1.2]? Uncertainty in Vlos (3)km/sstat.errorfloatnullabler_sigma[d] Flag on sigma (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharRc[0.03/2.4] Core radius (3)arcminphys.angSizefloatRh[0.51/5] Half-light radius (3)arcminphys.angSizefloatNobsNumber of observations for this globular clustermeta.numberintnullablePapIIDisplay the profiles from Paper II (Watkins+, 2015, J/ApJ/803/29)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/797/115/obsList of observations for the 22 globular clustersPIPI nameobs.observercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNGCCluster identifier (NGC number)meta.id;meta.mainintGO[9000/13100] GO observation numbermeta.idintInstInstrument/Camera: ACS/HRC, ACS/WFC or WFC3/UVIS)meta.notecharFiltHST filtermeta.notecharExpExposure time(s)stime.duration;obs.exposurecharEpochObservation datetime.epochcharJ/ApJ/797/115/table30*The NGC 7078 PM catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRad[0.2/146.1] Distance from cluster centerarcsecpos.angDistancedoublex0X position in rectified Cartesian system (2)arcsecpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubley0Y position in rectified Cartesian system (2)arcsecpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoublepmx[-20.6/21.4] Proper motion along x {mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta}mas/yrpos.pmfloate_pmx[0.01/4.8] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmx (5)mas/yrstat.errorfloatpmy[-21/22.1] Proper motion along y {mu}_{delta}_mas/yrpos.pmfloate_pmy[0.008/5.3] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmy (5)mas/yrstat.errorfloatxM[2248/7702] X position on master framepixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoublee_xMThe 1{sigma} uncertainty in T=0 x position (9)pixstat.errorfloatyM[1890/7716] Y position on master framepixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoublee_yMThe 1{sigma} uncertainty in T=0 y position (9)pixstat.errorfloatDX[-1.7/0.9] Difference between xM {Delta}x (4)pixpos;arith.difffloatDY[-0.8/1.7] Difference between yM {Delta}y (4)pixpos;arith.difffloats_pmx[0.008/4] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmx (3)mas/yrstat.errorfloats_pmy[0.008/4] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in pmy (3)mas/yrstat.errorfloatF606W[15/25.6] HST/ACS/WFC F606W band magnitude (6)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_F606W[0/0.2]? Root mean square of F606Wmagstat.errorfloatnullableF814W[14/24.5] HST/ACS/WFC F814W band magnitude (6)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_F814W[0/0.4]? Root mean square of F814Wmagstat.errorfloatnullableF606Q[0.008/1.1] Quality of fit parameter for F606Wstat.fit.goodnessfloatF814Q[0.007/0.8] Quality of fit parameter for F814Wstat.fit.goodnessfloatX2pmxReduced {chi}^2^ for pmx fitmeta.notefloatX2pmyReduced {chi}^2^ for pmy fitmeta.notefloatTime[1.3/7] Time baseline used to compute proper motion (8)yrtime.intervaldoubles_xMThe 1{sigma} uncertainty in T=0 x position (7)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detfloats_yMThe 1{sigma} uncertainty in T=0 y position (7)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detfloatRf[0/1] Flag 1 if star used as reference (10)meta.codeintNf[6/35] Total number of catalogs star was foundmeta.numberintNu[5/35] Final number of catalogs used (11)meta.numberintID[1/135834] Internal stellar identifier (12)meta.idintDpmx[-0.9/0.5] Variation between pmx and local-corrected pmxmas/yrpos.pm;arith.difffloatDpmy[-0.7/0.3] Variation between pmy and local-corrected pmymas/yrpos.pm;arith.difffloat_RASimbad column added by the CDSdegpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexed_DESimbad column added by the CDSdegpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexed