J/ApJ/792/119ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/792/119doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17920119CDSDeacon N.R.Liu M.C.Magnier E.A.Aller K.M.Best W.M.J.Dupuy T.,Bowler B.P.Mann A.W.Redstone J.A.Burgett W.S.Chambers K.C.,Draper P.W.Flewelling H.Hodapp K.W.Kaiser N.Kudritzki R.-P.,Morgan J.S.Metcalfe N.Price P.A.Tonry J.L.Wainscoat R.J.2017-11-29T11:47:55Z2017-05-02T16:11:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsdwarf-starsstellar-spectral-typesapparent-magnitudestellar-distancestellar-agesmetallicityproper-motionsspectroscopysurveysWe present the discovery of 57 wide (>5'') separation, low-mass (stellar and substellar) companions to stars in the solar neighborhood identified from Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) data and the spectral classification of 31 previously known companions. Our companions represent a selective subsample of promising candidates and span a range in spectral type of K7-L9 with the addition of one DA white dwarf. These were identified primarily from a dedicated common proper motion search around nearby stars, along with a few as serendipitous discoveries from our Pan-STARRS 1 brown dwarf search. Our discoveries include 23 new L dwarf companions and one known L dwarf not previously identified as a companion. The primary stars around which we searched for companions come from a list of bright stars with well-measured parallaxes and large proper motions from the Hipparcos catalog (8583 stars, mostly A-K dwarfs) and fainter stars from other proper motion catalogs (79170 stars, mostly M dwarfs). We examine the likelihood that our companions are chance alignments between unrelated stars and conclude that this is unlikely for the majority of the objects that we have followed-up spectroscopically. We also examine the entire population of ultracool (>M7) dwarf companions and conclude that while some are loosely bound, most are unlikely to be disrupted over the course of ~10 Gyr. Our search increases the number of ultracool M dwarf companions wider than 300 AU by 88% and increases the number of L dwarf companions in the same separation range by 82%. Finally, we resolve our new L dwarf companion to HIP 6407 into a tight (0.13'', 7.4 AU) L1+T3 binary, making the system a hierarchical triple. Our search for these key benchmarks against which brown dwarf and exoplanet atmosphere models are tested has yielded the largest number of discoveries to date.2014ApJ...792..119Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/792/119CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)J/AJ/142/77 : New T dwarfs identified in Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2011)J/MNRAS/437/3603 : NIR proper motion catalogue from UKIDSS-LAS (Smith+, 2014)J/MNRAS/455/4212 : Pan-STARRS 1: occurrence in the Kepler field (Dacon+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/792/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/792/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/792/119https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/792/119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/792/119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/792/119GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/792/119/table3 (PS1 Data of Our Wide Companions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.603916722.74641670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/792/119/table12 (Known Companions with Spectral Type M7 or Later that have Projected Separations of 100 AU or More)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table12?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table12?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table12?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true194.6582540.233805560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/792/119/table2 (Summary Information on Our Wide Companions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/792/119/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.603916722.74641670.0055555555555555566/474 548 776 897 1873 2167 2540 2702 2789 3211 3667 4316 4711 4921 5258 5339 5377 5413 5540 5616 5659 5718 5854 6529 6683 6979 7050 7448 8109 8219 8255 8572 8719 9046 9072 9159 9322 9406 9407 9413 9419 9453 9534 9597 9885 10089 10191 10267 10389 10672 10718 10760 10849 10855 10880 11195 11421 11553 11667 12168 12253 12388 12446 12549 12592 13122 13207 13435 13483 13489 13559 13749 13882 14822 15173 15530 16440 16577 17723 18006 18209 18584 18696 18711 18902 19050 19385 19397 19726 19783 19895 19912 20150 20326 20363 20381 20451 21591 22482 22720 23548 23773 25260 25598 25623 25725 25875 25966 26030 26146 26301 26396 26403 26430 26518 26533 26555 26563 26807 26886 26898 27247 27332 27361 27702 27861 28018 28067 28211 28382 28417 28632 28960 29055 29374 30200 30505 30956 30995 31206 31848 32363 32372 32602 33037 34119 34909 35024 35063 35471 35499 35554 36418 37477 37573 38359 39044 40031 40488 41139 41361 42714 42874 42981 43150 44286 44293 44311 44365 44369 44378 44404 44879 44954 45006 45175 45564 472058.157980699529898e-21 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/792/119?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/792/119/table3PS1 Data of Our Wide CompanionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[ABCD] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharn_IDNote on ID (G2)meta.notecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharn_SpType[d] Note on SpType (G3)meta.notechargP1mag? Pan-STARRS 1 g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_gP1mag? Error in gP1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablerP1mag? Pan-STARRS 1 r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rP1mag? Error in rP1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableiP1mag? Pan-STARRS 1 i band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_iP1mag? Error in iP1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablezP1mag? Pan-STARRS 1 z band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zP1mag? Error in zP1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableyP1mag? Pan-STARRS 1 y band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_yP1mag? Error in yP1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ/ApJ/792/119/table4Astrometric Data on Our Data of Our Multiple SystemsDist? Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifier (HIP NNNNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharE_Dist? Upper limit uncertainty in Distpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Dist? Lower limit uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorfloatnullablen_DistNote on Dist (G4)meta.notecharpmRAProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rachare_pmRAError in pmRAarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DEarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decchare_pmDEError in pmDEarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatdpmRA? Proper motion difference along RA, dpmRA*cosDE (G5)pos.pm;pos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullabledpmDE? Proper motion difference along DE (G5)pos.pm;pos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullabledpm? Proper motion difference (G5)pos.pm;arith.difffloatnullableSepa? Projected Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableSep? Projected SeparationAUpos.angDistanceintnullableJ/ApJ/792/119/table5The Data of Our Non-Hipparcos and Serendipitous PairsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[CDE] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[B] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharl_Dist[>] Limit flag on Distmeta.code.errorcharDistDistancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatE_Dist? Upper limit uncertainty in Distpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Dist? Lower limit uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorfloatnullablen_DistNote on Dist (2)meta.notecharpmRAProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rachare_pmRAError in pmRAarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatn_pmRA[fghi] Note on pmRA (3)meta.notecharpmDEProper motion along DEarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decchare_pmDEError in pmDEarcsec/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatn_pmDE[fghi] Note on pmDE (3)meta.notechardpmRA? Proper motion difference along RA, dpmRA*cosDE (G5)pos.pm;pos.eq.ra;arith.diffchardpmDE? Proper motion difference along DE (G5)pos.pm;pos.eq.dec;arith.diffchardpm? Proper motion difference (G5)pos.pm;arith.difffloatnullableSepa? Projected Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablel_Sep[>] Limit flag on Sepmeta.code.errorcharSep? Projected SeparationAUpos.angDistanceintnullableJ/ApJ/792/119/table6The IR Data of Our SecondariesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[ABCD] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharYmag? Y band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Ymag? Error in Ymagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablel_Jmag[>] Limit flag on Jmagmeta.code.errorcharJmag? J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablen_Jmag[*] Note on Jmag (2)meta.notecharl_Hmag[>] Limit flag on Hmagmeta.code.errorcharHmag? H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? Error in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablen_Hmag[*] Note on Hmag (2)meta.notecharl_K/Ksmag[>] Limit flag on K/Ksmagmeta.code.errorcharK/Ksmag? K or K_s_ band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_K/Ksmag? Error in K/Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_K/Ksmag[*] Note on K/Ksmag (2)meta.notecharSourceData sourcemeta.ref;pos.framecharn_Source[+D] Note on Source (3)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/792/119/table7The WISE Data of Our CompanionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[ABCD] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharW1mag? WISE W1 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag? Error in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_W1mag[*] Note on W1mag (2)meta.notecharW2mag? WISE W2 band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag? Error in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_W2mag[*] Note on W2mag (2)meta.notecharl_W3mag[>] Limit flag on W3magmeta.code.errorcharW3mag? WISE W3 band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag? Error in W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_W3mag[*] Note on W3mag (2)meta.notecharl_W4mag[>] Limit flag on W4magmeta.code.errorcharW4mag? WISE W4 band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag? Error in W4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_W4mag[+] Note on W4mag (3)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/792/119/table8Log of Spectroscopic ObservationsResResolution in {lambda}/{Delta}{lambda}pos.angResolutionintCondObservation conditionobs.param;obschartintIntegration timestime.expointrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[ACDFG] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullablel_SeeingLimit flag on Seeingmeta.code.error;instr.obsty.seeingcharSeeingSeeingarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatSlitSlit widtharcsecspect.line.widthcharModeSpectra mode (SXD, prism)instr.setupcharAirmassAirmassobs.airMassfloatStandStandard star used for each object (HD NNNNNN)meta.idcharJ/ApJ/792/119/table9Spectroscopic Classification of Our L Dwarf CompanionsH2OJH_2_O J flux indexspect.indexfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[ABCH] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharn_ID[b] Note on ID (2)meta.notecharSpTypeVisual spectral typesrc.spTypecharn_SpType[a] Note on SpType (3)meta.notecharSpTypeH2OJH_2_O J spectral typesrc.spTypecharH2OHH_2_O H flux indexspect.indexfloatSpTypeH2OHH_2_O H spectral typesrc.spTypecharCH4KCH_4_ K flux indexspect.indexfloatSpTypeCH4KCH_4_ K spectral typesrc.spTypecharSpTypeFFinal spectral typesrc.spTypecharn_SpTypeF[c] Note on SpTypeF (4)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/792/119/table12Known Companions with Spectral Type M7 or Later that have Projected Separations of 100 AU or MoreSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_ID[x] Note on ID (2)meta.notecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainn_DEJ2000Note on position (2)meta.notecharSep? Separation of binary systemAUpos.angDistanceintnullableSep2? Upper value of separation intervalAUpos.distance;src.orbitalintnullableSepaSeparation of binary systemarcsecpos.angDistancefloatl_SpTypeCLimit flag on SpTypeCmeta.code.errorcharSpTypeCCompanion spectral typesrc.spTypecharn_SpTypeCNote on SpTypeC (2)meta.notecharSpTypePPrimary spectral typesrc.spTypecharn_SpTypeP[*wy+] Note on SpTypeP (2)meta.notecharl_Mass[~<] Limit flag on Massmeta.code.error;phys.masscharMassCompanion mass intervalsolMassphys.masscharn_MassNote on Mass (2)meta.notecharl_Age[~<>] Limit flag on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharAgeAge intervalGyrtime.agecharn_AgeNote on Age (2)meta.notecharRefReferences in refs.dat filemeta.ref;meta.filecharJ/ApJ/792/119/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintBibcodeReference bibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharJ/ApJ/792/119/table2Summary Information on Our Wide CompanionsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSpTypePPrimary spectral typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroup[ABCD] Companion group (G1)meta.codecharm_ID[BC] Multiplicity index on IDmeta.code.multipcharn_IDNote on ID (G2)meta.notecharWDSWashington Double Star catalog designation (Cat. B/wds, WDS JHHMMm+DDMMA in Simbad)meta.idcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSSecondary spectral typesrc.spTypecharn_SpTypeS[ld] Note on SpTypeS (G3)meta.notecharyP1mag? Pan-STARRS 1 y band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_yP1mag? Error in yP1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag? 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablel_Jmag[h] Note on Jmag (4)meta.code.errorcharl_distP[>] Limit flag on distPmeta.code.errorchardistP? Primary distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableE_distP? Upper limit uncertainty in distPpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_distP? Lower limit uncertainty in distPpcstat.errorfloatnullablen_distPNote on distP (G4)meta.notecharl_Sepa[~] Limit flag on Sepameta.code.errorcharSepa? Separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablel_Sep[~>] Limit flag on Sepmeta.code.errorcharSep? SeparationAUpos.angDistanceintnullable[Fe/H]? Metallicityphys.abund.Zcharn_[Fe/H]Note on [Fe/H] (6)meta.notecharl_Age[<= ] Limit flag on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharAgeAgeGyrtime.agecharn_AgeNote on Age (7)meta.notechar