J/ApJ/791/35ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/791/35doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17910035CDSLaw N.M.Morton T.Baranec C.Riddle R.Ravichandran G.Ziegler C.,Johnson J.A.Tendulkar S.P.Bui K.Burse M.P.Das H.K.Dekany R.G.,Kulkarni S.Punnadi S.Ramaprakash A.N.2017-12-07T07:26:56Z2017-03-29T15:14:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsapparent-magnitudeeclipsing-binary-starsThe Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey is observing every Kepler planet candidate host star with laser adaptive optics imaging to search for blended nearby stars, which may be physically associated companions and/or responsible for transit false positives. In this paper, we present the results from the 2012 observing season, searching for stars close to 715 Kepler planet candidate hosts. We find 53 companions, 43 of which are new discoveries. We detail the Robo-AO survey data reduction methods including a method of using the large ensemble of target observations as mutual point-spread-function references, along with a new automated companion-detection algorithm designed for large adaptive optics surveys. Our survey is sensitive to objects from ~ 0.15'' to 2.5'' separation, with magnitude differences up to {Delta}m ~ 6. We measure an overall nearby-star probability for Kepler planet candidates of 7.4%+/-1.0%, and calculate the effects of each detected nearby star on the Kepler-measured planetary radius. We discuss several Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) of particular interest, including KOI-191 and KOI-1151, which are both multi-planet systems with detected stellar companions whose unusual planetary system architecture might be best explained if they are "coincident multiple" systems, with several transiting planets shared between the two stars. Finally, we find 98% confidence evidence that short-period giant planets are two to three times more likely than longer-period planets to be found in wide stellar binaries.2014ApJ...791...35Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/791/35CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)J/A+A/546/A10 : Multiplicity in transiting planet-host starsJ/AJ/143/137 : Minima of 41 eclipsing binaries from a Kepler surveyJ/AJ/144/42 : Infrared photometry of 90 KOIs (Adams+, 2012)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/MNRAS/436/1883 : Properties of KOI host stars (Walkowicz+, 2013)J/ApJ/832/183 : Binary stellar evolution data for Kepler systemshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/791/35https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/791/35http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/791/35https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/791/35https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/791/35http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/791/35GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/791/35/table2 (Secure Detections of Objects within 2.5'' of Kepler Planet Candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.808479249.31640830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/791/35/table5 (Full Robo-AO Observation List)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.808479249.31640830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/791/35/table3 (Likely Detections of Objects within 2.5'' of Kepler Planet Candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true288.581516741.08980560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/791/35/table4 (Implications on Derived Radius of Kepler Planet Candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/791/35/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.808479249.31640830.0055555555555555564/922 933 5/3646 3647 3693 3694 3695 3706 3730 3736 3739 3740 3741 3743 3776 3777 3778 3781 3782 3783 3785 3787 3792 6/14567 14573 14577 14578 14579 14581 14582 14583 14730 14731 14733 14734 14735 14744 14746 14750 14751 14768 14770 14771 14794 14816 14818 14819 14828 14830 14914 14918 14919 14924 14925 14926 14948 14949 14950 14952 14954 14955 14969 14970 14971 15040 15041 15044 15045 15057 15060 15061 15116 15118 15119 15120 15121 15122 15136 15137 15139 15145 15146 15147 15153 15154 15155 15156 15157 15158 15160 15172 15173 15174https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/791/35?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/791/35/table2Secure Detections of Objects within 2.5'' of Kepler Planet CandidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (KOI-NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharimag? i-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableDateKOI observation datetime.epoch;obsnullableFilter[i/LP600 ] Filter used for the observationinstr.setup;instr.filtercharSigni? Detection significance in sigma unitstat.fit.goodness;instr.saturationintnullableSepDetectable separation rangearcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_SepError on Separcsecstat.errorfloatPA? Position angledegpos.posAngintnullablee_PA? Error on PAdegstat.errorintnullablemagdiffMagnitude difference in the Kepler bandmagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_magdiff? Error on magdiffmagstat.errorfloatnullableKsKs if magnitude difference in Ks-bandphot.mag;em.IR.KcharPrevDetecPrevious detection (1)meta.bibcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/791/35/table5Full Robo-AO Observation ListrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (K0NNNN.NN)meta.id;meta.maincharimag? i-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableDateKOI observation datetime.epoch;obsnullableFilter[i/LP600 ] Filter used for the observationinstr.setup;instr.filtercharObsqual[high/medium/low ] Observation qualitymeta.code.qualcharComp[yes ] Presence of detected companionmeta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/791/35/table3Likely Detections of Objects within 2.5'' of Kepler Planet CandidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (KOI-NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharimagi-band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatDateKOI observation datetime.epoch;obsnullableFilter[i/LP600 ] Filter used for the observationinstr.setup;instr.filtercharSigniDetection significance in sigma unitstat.fit.goodness;instr.saturationfloatSepDetectable separation rangearcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloate_SepError on Separcsecstat.errorfloatPAPosition angledegpos.posAnginte_PAError on PAdegstat.errorintmagdiffMagnitude difference in the Kepler bandmagphot.mag;arith.difffloate_magdiffError on magdiffmagstat.errorfloatPrevDetecPrevious detection (1)meta.bibcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/791/35/table4Implications on Derived Radius of Kepler Planet CandidatesPPeriod (1)dtime.periodfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of Interest identifier (NNNN.NN)meta.id;meta.mainfloatRpPlanet radius (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatRA? Estimated radius of the target star (1)solRadphys.size.radiusnullablemagdiff? Magnitude difference in the Kepler bandmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableSep? Detectable separation rangearcsecpos.angDistance;src.orbitalfloatnullableRB? Estimated radius of the stellar companion (2)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableRpAEclipsing target star radius (3)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatRpBEclipsing stellar companion radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatRpBbgEclipsing stellar companion radius (4)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main