J/ApJ/788/154ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/154doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17880154CDSOfek E.O.Arcavi I.Tal D.Sullivan M.Gal-Yam A.Kulkarni S.R.,Nugent P.E.Ben-Ami S.Bersier D.Cao Y.Cenko S.B.De Cia A.,Filippenko A.V.Fransson C.Kasliwal M.M.Laher R.Surace J.,Quimby R.Yaron O.2017-11-14T13:52:18Z2017-08-03T13:20:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeredshiftedextinctioninfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometrysloan-photometryInteraction of supernova (SN) ejecta with the optically thick circumstellar medium (CSM) of a progenitor star can result in a bright, long-lived shock-breakout event. Candidates for such SNe include Type IIn and superluminous SNe. If some of these SNe are powered by interaction, then there should be a specific relation between their peak luminosity, bolometric light-curve rise time, and shock-breakout velocity. Given that the shock velocity during shock breakout is not measured, we expect a correlation, with a significant spread, between the rise time and the peak luminosity of these SNe. Here, we present a sample of 15 SNe IIn for which we have good constraints on their rise time and peak luminosity from observations obtained using the Palomar Transient Factory. We report on a possible correlation between the R-band rise time and peak luminosity of these SNe, with a false-alarm probability of 3%. Assuming that these SNe are powered by interaction, combining these observables and theory allows us to deduce lower limits on the shock-breakout velocity. The lower limits on the shock velocity we find are consistent with what is expected for SNe (i.e., ~10^4^ km/s). This supports the suggestion that the early-time light curves of SNe IIn are caused by shock breakout in a dense CSM. We note that such a correlation can arise from other physical mechanisms. Performing such a test on other classes of SNe (e.g., superluminous SNe) can be used to rule out the interaction model for a class of events.2014ApJ...788..154Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/788/154CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) photometric catalog 1.0J/ApJ/789/104 : SNe IIn observations and properties (Ofek+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/154https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/154http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/154https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/154https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/154http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/154GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/788/154/table1 (Supernovae Sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/154/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/154/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/154/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true188.3189-0.0530.0055555555555555566/5987 5993 8917 9214 9702 10194 11041 11482 12605 19634 22660 22953 26117 26265 27728 31442 32507 32680 36712https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/788/154?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/788/154/table1Supernovae SampleLCLight curvesmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPTFSN identifier (PTF YYaaa; iPTF YYaaa in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharn_PTF[n] Note on PTF (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatMODDistance modulus of the SN host galaxymagphot.mag.distModfloatE(B-V)Galactic extinction in the SN directionmagphot.color.excessfloatt0MJD of the fitted zero fluxdtime.epochfloattmaxMJD of the R-band light-curve peakdtime.epochfloatLmaxPeak luminosity corresponding to tmax1e-07Wphys.luminositydoubleL0Luminosity extrapolated to a time of 1 s (2)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoubleteExponential rise time of the early-time light curvedtime.epochfloate_te? Uncertainty in tedstat.errorfloatnullablechi2The {chi}^2^ valuestat.valuefloatDOF[2/58] Degree of freedomstat.fit.dofintvboLower limit on the shock velocity (3)km/sphys.velocintlog10KLog of the mass-loading parameter (4)log(g.cm**-1)stat.fit.paramfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/788/154/table2Supernovae PhotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPTFSN identifier (PTF YYaaa; iPTF YYaaa in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharTelTelescope (1)meta.id;instr.telcharFilter[grRi] Filtermeta.id;instr.filtercharMJDModified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublemagThe PTF magnitude in Filtermagphot.magfloate_magError in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloat