J/ApJ/788/114ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/788/114doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17880114CDSRappaport S.Swift J.Levine A.Joss M.Sanchis-Ojeda R.Barclay T.,Still M.Handler G.Olah K.Muirhead P.S.Huber D.Vida K.2018-01-23T06:12:44Z2017-07-17T07:35:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsm-starsphotometryeffective-temperatureWe have searched the Kepler light curves of ~3900 M-star targets for evidence of periodicities that indicate, by means of the effects of starspots, rapid stellar rotation. Several analysis techniques, including Fourier transforms, inspection of folded light curves, "sonograms", and phase tracking of individual modulation cycles, were applied in order to distinguish the periodicities due to rapid rotation from those due to stellar pulsations, eclipsing binaries, or transiting planets. We find 178 Kepler M-star targets with rotation periods, P_rot_<2 days, and 110 with P_rot_<1 day. Some 30 of the 178 systems exhibit two or more independent short periods within the same Kepler photometric aperture, while several have 3 or more short periods. Adaptive optics imaging and modeling of the Kepler pixel response function for a subset of our sample support the conclusion that the targets with multiple periods are highly likely to be relatively young physical binary, triple, and even quadruple M star systems. We explore in detail the one object with four incommensurate periods all less than 1.2 days, and show that two of the periods arise from one of a close pair of stars, while the other two arise from the second star, which itself is probably a visual binary. If most of these M-star systems with multiple periods turn out to be bound M-stars, this could prove a valuable way discovering young hierarchical M-star systems; the same approach may also be applicable to G and K stars. The ~5% occurrence rate of rapid rotation among the ~3900 M star targets is consistent with spin evolution models that include an initial contraction phase followed by magnetic braking, wherein a typical M star can spend several hundred Myr before spinning down to periods longer than 2 days.2014ApJ...788..114Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/788/114CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)J/A+A/560/A4 : Rotation periods of active Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/788/114https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/788/114GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/788/114/table1 (Kepler M Stars Exhibiting a Short Rotation Period)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/114/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/114/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/114/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.2958137.155861110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/788/114/table2 (Kepler M Stars Exhibiting Two or More Short Rotation Periods)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/114/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/114/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/788/114/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true294.205958338.52986110.0055555555555555565/3706 3738 3740 3781 3786 6/14578 14579 14581 14583 14584 14585 14586 14588 14589 14591 14731 14733 14746 14750 14751 14752 14761 14762 14763 14765 14767 14768 14770 14771 14772 14773 14774 14776 14777 14781 14782 14816 14830 14915 14922 14924 14925 14926 14929 14931 14932 14933 14935 14937 14938 14939 14940 14942 14947 14950 14956 14958 14959 14965 14966 14967 14968 14969 15044 15045 15057 15060 15061 15104 15105 15107 15109 15110 15114 15115 15118 15122 15123 15128 15129 15132 15135 15136 15137 15141 15143 15149 15150 15152 15153 15154 15156 15158 15160 15168 15169 15172 15174 15178 15200https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/788/114?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/788/114/table1Kepler M Stars Exhibiting a Short Rotation PeriodrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog number (Cat. V/133)meta.id;meta.mainintPerRotation period (1)dtime.periodfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition (as computed from Kepler Input Catalog, 2009, Cat. V/133) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (as computed from Kepler Input Catalog, 2009, Cat. V/133) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/788/114/table2Kepler M Stars Exhibiting Two or More Short Rotation PeriodsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog number (Cat. V/133)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainKpmagKepler magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatTeffComposite effective temperaturedegphys.temperature.effectiveintPerASource A rotation period (1)dtime.periodfloatn_PerA[ab] Note on PerA (2)meta.notecharPerBSource B rotation period (1)dtime.periodfloatn_PerB[b] Note on PerB (2)meta.notecharPerC? Source C rotation period (1)dtime.periodfloatnullablen_PerC[c] Note on PerC (2)meta.notecharPerD? Source D rotation period (1)dtime.periodfloatnullableComComment on the stellar neighbors (3)meta.notecharn_Com[d] Note on Com (4)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar