J/ApJ/787/80ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/787/80doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17870080CDSHadden S.Lithwick Y.2017-09-04T08:00:57Z2017-07-04T11:42:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsstellar-massesstellar-radiiWe extract densities and eccentricities of 139 sub-Jovian planets by analyzing transit time variations (TTVs) obtained by the Kepler mission through Quarter 12. We partially circumvent the degeneracies that plague TTV inversion with the help of an analytical formula for the TTV. From the observed TTV phases, we find that most of these planets have eccentricities of the order of a few percent. More precisely, the rms eccentricity is 0.018_-0.004_^+0.005^, and planets smaller than 2.5 R_{earth}_ are around twice as eccentric as those bigger than 2.5 R_{earth}_. We also find a best-fit density-radius relationship {rho}~3 g/cm^3^x(R/3 R_{earth}_)^-2.3^ for the 56 planets that likely have small eccentricity and hence small statistical correction to their masses. Many planets larger than 2.5 R_{earth}_are less dense than water, implying that their radii are largely set by a massive hydrogen atmosphere.2014ApJ...787...80Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/787/80CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)J/MNRAS/429/2001 : New transiting planet candidates from Kepler (Huang+, 2013)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/787/80https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/787/80http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/787/80https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/787/80https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/787/80http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/787/80GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/787/80/table1 (TTV Amplitudes)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/787/80/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/787/80/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/787/80/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true281.482730647.20801640.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/787/80/table2 (Planet Nominal Masses)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/787/80/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/787/80/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/787/80/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true281.4827547.20803060.0055555555555555566/14581 14582 14583 14584 14586 14587 14591 14731 14733 14734 14735 14744 14751 14756 14757 14759 14762 14763 14764 14767 14770 14774 14778 14781 14819 14825 14919 14920 14923 14924 14929 14932 14933 14935 14936 14937 14938 14950 14952 14953 14958 14959 14960 14962 14963 14965 14968 15060 15104 15105 15108 15109 15115 15116 15118 15120 15121 15123 15126 15127 15136 15137 15146 15160 15170 15171 15172https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/787/80?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/787/80/table1TTV AmplitudesPhi? TTV phase of inner planetdegsrc.orbitalfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[82/2433] Kepler Object of Interest number (NNNN)meta.id;meta.mainintI[1/6] KOI decimal of inner planetmeta.idintI1[1/5] KOI decimal of outer planetmeta.idintPInner planet orbital perioddtime.periodfloatP1Outer planet orbital perioddtime.periodfloatJ[2/5] Closest j:j-1 resonancestat.fit.paramintDeltaNormalized distance to resonancepos.distance;arith.ratiodoubleV? Transit time variation (TTV) amplitude of inner planetminsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableE_V? The 1{sigma} upper error bound on Vminstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_V? The 1{sigma} lower error bound on Vminstat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatnullableV1? TTV amplitude of outer planetminsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableE_V1? The 1{sigma} upper error bound on V1minstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_V1? The 1{sigma} lower error bound on V1minstat.errorfloatnullableE_Phi? The 1{sigma} upper error bound on Phidegstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Phi? The 1{sigma} lower error bound on Phidegstat.errorfloatnullablePhi1? TTV phase of outer planetdegsrc.orbitalfloatnullableE_Phi1? The 1{sigma} upper error bound on Phi1degstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Phi1? The 1{sigma} lower error bound on Phi1degstat.errorfloatnullableKNameDesignated Kepler planet name, where applicable (Kepler -NNNNAa in Simbad)meta.idcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/787/80/table2Planet Nominal MassesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKOI Number (NNNN.NN)meta.id;meta.mainfloatKNameDesignated Kepler planet name, where applicable (Kepler -NNNNAa in Simbad)meta.idcharMassPlanet nominal mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_MassThe 1{sigma} upper error bound on Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_MassThe 1{sigma} lower error bound on Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatRadPlanet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_RadThe 1{sigma} upper error bound on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_RadThe 1{sigma} upper error bound on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatEcc[lh] Eccentricity flag (1)meta.codecharMass*Mass of host starsolMassphys.massfloatRad*Radius of host starsolRadphys.size.radiusfloatMSourceSource code (2)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main