J/ApJ/782/42ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/782/42doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17820042CDSCorsi A.Ofek E.O.Gal-Yam A.Frail D.A.Kulkarni S.R.Fox D.B.,Kasliwal M.M.Sullivan M.Horesh A.Carpenter J.Maguire K.Arcavi I.,Cenko S.B.Cao Y.Mooley K.Pan Y.-C.Sesar B.Sternberg A.Xu D.,Bersier D.James P.Bloom J.S.Nugent P.E.2017-06-26T11:50:35Z2016-02-04T09:08:46ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryWe present the discovery, classification, and extensive panchromatic (from radio to X-ray) follow-up observations of PTF11qcj, a supernova (SN) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Our observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array show that this event is radio-loud: PTF11qcj reached a radio peak luminosity comparable to that of the famous gamma-ray-burst-associated SN 1998bw (L_5GHz_{approx}10^29^erg/s/Hz). PTF11qcj is also detected in X-rays with the Chandra Observatory, and in the infrared band with Spitzer. Our multi-wavelength analysis probes the SN interaction with circumstellar material. The radio observations suggest a progenitor mass-loss rate of ~10^-4^M_{sun}_/yr*(v_w_/1000km/s), and a velocity of {approx}0.3-0.5c for the fastest moving ejecta (at {approx}10 days after explosion). However, these estimates are derived assuming the simplest model of SN ejecta interacting with a smooth circumstellar wind, and do not account for possible inhomogeneities in the medium and asphericity of the explosion. The radio data show deviations from such a simple model, as well as a late-time re-brightening. The X-ray flux from PTF11qcj is compatible with the high-frequency extrapolation of the radio synchrotron emission (within the large uncertainties). A light echo from pre-existing dust is in agreement with our infrared data. Our pre-explosion data from the PTF suggest that a precursor eruption of absolute magnitude M_r_{approx}-13mag may have occurred {approx}2.5yr prior to the SN explosion. Overall, PTF11qcj fits the expectations from the explosion of a Wolf-Rayet star. Precursor eruptions may be a feature characterizing the final pre-explosion evolution of such stars.2014ApJ...782...42Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/782/42CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toII/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) photometric catalog 1.0 (Ofek+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/782/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/782/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/782/42https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/782/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/782/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/782/42GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/782/42/table2Optical observations of PTF11qcjrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[55857.5/56100] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleTelTelescope used in the observation (LT, P48, P60) (1)instr.setup;obscharBandPassband used in the observation (g, r, i, or R)instr.bandpasscharExp[60/90] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintmag[17.1/22.7] Observed AB magnitude in Bandmagphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJ/ApJ/782/42/table3Radio observations of PTF11qcjrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[55880.5/56429.1] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleObsObservatory that obtained the data (CARMA, VLA-A, VLA-B, VLA-C, VLA-CnB, VLA-D, or VLA-DnC) (1)meta.id;instr.obstycharFreq[2.5/93] Central frequencyGHzem.freqfloatS[0.4/7.4] Flux densitymJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radiofloate_S[0.02/0.9] Uncertainty in SmJy/beamstat.errorfloatJ/ApJ/782/42/table4X-Ray observations of PTF11qcjrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[55883/56028.4] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublef_MJDFlag on MJD (mean)meta.codecharInstInstrument (Swift-XRT or Chandra-ACIS)meta.id;instrcharBand0[0.2/0.3] Lower energy bandkeVem.energyfloatBand1[8/10] Upper energy bandkeVem.energyintExp[1.2/31.4] Exposure timekstime.duration;obs.exposurefloatl_CR[<] Upper limit flag on CRmeta.code.errorcharCR[0.3/3.1] Count Rate (1)msphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_CR[0.1/0.3]? Error in CRmsstat.errorfloatnullablel_Flux[<] Upper limit flag on Fluxmeta.code.error;phot.fluxcharFlux[3/110] Unabsorbed 0.3-8keV fluxferg.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_Flux[1.2/2.6]? Error in Fluxferg.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxfloatnullableJ/ApJ/782/42/table5Infrared observations of PTF11qcjrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[56014/56104] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleObsObservatory (P200 or Spitzer) (1)meta.id;instr.obstycharlambda[2.1/4.5] Wavelength {lambda}umem.wlfloatS[53/195] Flux densityuJyphot.flux.density;em.IRfloate_S[1.1/4] Error in SuJystat.errorfloat