J/ApJ/780/85ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/780/85doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17800085CDSVasyunina T.Vasyunin A.I.Herbst E.Linz H.Voronkov M.Britton T.,Zinchenko I.Schuller F.2017-08-28T09:17:43Z2015-07-15T08:22:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-sourcesmolecular-cloudsinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyradio-astronomychemical-abundancesIt is currently assumed that infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) represent the earliest evolutionary stages of high-mass stars (>8M_{sun}_). Submillimeter and millimeter-wave studies performed over the past 15yr show that IRDCs possess a broad variety of properties, and hence a wide range of problems and questions that can be tackled. In this paper, we report an investigation of the molecular composition and chemical processes in two groups of IRDCs. Using the Mopra, APEX, and IRAM radio telescopes over the last four years, we have collected molecular line data for CO, H_2_CO, HNCO, CH_3_CCH, CH_3_OH, CH_3_CHO, CH_3_OCHO, and CH_3_OCH_3_. For all of these species we estimated molecular abundances. We then undertook chemical modeling studies, concentrating on the source IRDC028.34+0.06, and compared observed and modeled abundances. This comparison showed that to reproduce observed abundances of complex organic molecules, a zero-dimensional gas-grain model with constant physical conditions is not sufficient. We achieved greater success with the use of a warm-up model, in which warm-up from 10K to 30K occurs following a cold phase.2014ApJ...780...85Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/780/85CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/202/1 : 1mm spectral line survey toward GLIMPSE EGOs (He+, 2012)J/ApJ/756/60 : A 3mm line survey in 37 IR dark clouds (Sanhueza+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A49 : Herschel EPoS: high-mass overview (Ragan+, 2012)J/A+A/527/A88 : Chemistry in infrared dark clouds (Vasyunina+, 2011)J/ApJ/715/310 : Early stages of star formation in IRDCs (Rathborne+, 2010)J/A+A/499/149 : 1.2mm maps of southern Infrared Dark Clouds (Vasyunina+, 2009)J/A+A/505/405 : A catalogue of Spitzer dark clouds (Peretto+, 2009)J/A+A/474/883 : ISOSS J23053+5953 maps (Birkmann+, 2007)J/A+A/455/971 : Organic molecules in Galactic center (Requena-Torres+, 2006)J/ApJ/641/389 : Millimetric observations of IRDC cores (Rathborne+, 2006)J/ApJ/639/227 : MSX IRDC candidate catalog (Simon+, 2006)J/ApJS/166/567 : Radio Molecular lines in infrared dark clouds (Ragan+, 2006)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/780/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/780/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/780/85https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/780/85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/780/85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/780/85GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/780/85/Sclouds (List (table 1) and abundances (table 6) of southern clouds)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/85/Sclouds?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/85/Sclouds?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/85/Sclouds?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true206.32300417-62.367455560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/780/85/Nclouds (List (table 2) and abundances (table 7) of northern clouds)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/85/Nclouds?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/85/Nclouds?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/85/Nclouds?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.44-19.70219440.0055555555555555566/14307 14692 29091 29097 29112 29113 29118 29505 29510 30256 30258 30692 41599 41671 41676 41677 41682 41767 41772 41802https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/780/85?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/780/85/linesLine parameters for southern (table8) , and for northern (table 9) cloudsTransTransitionmeta.id;phys.atmol.transitionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMolMolecule identifiermeta.id;meta.mainn_Nameobs.fieldcharNameIdentifier of the InfraRed Dark Cloud (IRDC)meta.idcharTAint[0.02/25]? Integrated antenna temperature ({int}T_A_dv) (1)K.km/sphot.antennaTempfloatnullablef_TAint[n] Indicates an absence of datameta.codechare_TAint[0/0.4]? Uncertainty in TAint (1)K.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVlsr[-61/80]? Local standard of rest velocity (V_lsr_) (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullablee_Vlsr[0/2]? Uncertainty in Vlsr (1)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullableDelV[0.4/6.7]? Line width ({Delta}V) (1)km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_DelV[0/2.83]? Uncertainty in DelV (1)km/sstat.errorfloatnullableTA[0.01/8.1]? Antenna temperature (T_A_) (1)Kphot.antennaTempfloatnullablerms[0.01/0.12]? The 1{sigma} rms (1)Kstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatnullableJ/ApJ/780/85/ScloudsList (table 1) and abundances (table 6) of southern cloudsRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentifier of the InfraRed Dark Cloud (IRDC)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDist[2.1/5.3] Distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatn_Dist[c] "c" denotes a distance from Saito et al. (2001PASJ...53.1037S)meta.notecharTkin[11/49] Kinetic temperature (1)Kphys.temperaturefloatNH2[0.3/5.2] H_2_ column density (1)1e+22cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatClassMid-infrared category (A, M, Q, SiO) (G1)meta.code.classcharNlNumber of molecular lines observed for this cloudmeta.numberintnullableCOaCO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (G2)phys.abundcharf_COb[n/a] 'n/a' indicates absence of CO abundancemeta.codecharCObCO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (2)phys.abundcharHNCOHNCO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (3)phys.abundcharH2COH_2_CO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (4)phys.abundcharCH3OHCH_3_OH abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (5)phys.abundcharf_CH3OH[g] 'g' indicates abundance calculated based on CH_3_OH 5_1,5_4_1,4_ E transitionmeta.codecharTex1[12/53]? CH_3_OH excitation temperatureKphys.atmol.excitationfloatnullableCH3CCHCH_3_CCH abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (6)phys.abundcharTex2[17/38]? CH_3_CCH excitation temperatureKphys.atmol.excitationintnullableV+11Display the data from Vasyunina et al. 2011 (cat. J/A+A/527/A88)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/780/85/NcloudsList (table 2) and abundances (table 7) of northern cloudsr_NH2[ab] Source of NH2 (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharDist[1/4.8] Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatDist2? Second value for distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableCOCO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (G2)phys.abundcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentifier of the infrared dark cloud (IRDC)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascenion (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTkin[13/16]? Kinetic distance (1)Kpos.distanceintnullableTdust[17/33]? Dust temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullableNH2[1.1/14.2] H_2_ column density (2)1e+22cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatClassMid-infrared category (A, M, Q, SiO) (G1)meta.code.classcharRefReference (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharNlNumber of molecular lines observed for this cloudmeta.numberintnullablef_CO[n/a] 'n/a' indicates absence of CO abundancemeta.codecharHNCOHNCO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (1)phys.abundcharf_H2CO[n/a] 'n/a' indicates absence of H2CO abundancemeta.codecharH2COH_2_CO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (2)phys.abundcharCH3OHCH_3_OH abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (3)phys.abundchare_CH3OHUncertainty in CH_3_OH (a(b)=a*10^b^)stat.errorcharf_CH3OH[cde] Estimate source of CH_3_OH (4)meta.codecharTex1[25/43]? CH_3_OH excitation temperatureKphys.atmol.excitationintnullablee_Tex1? Uncertainty in Tex1Kstat.errorintnullableCH3CCHCH_3_CCH abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (5)phys.abundchare_CH3CCHUncertainty in CH_3_CCH (a(b)=a*10^b^)stat.errorcharTex2[27/42]? CH_3_CCH excitation temperatureKphys.atmol.excitationintnullablee_Tex2[1/13]? Uncertainty in Tex2Kstat.errorintnullableCH3CHOCH_3_CHO abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (6)phys.abundchare_CH3CHOUncertainty in CH_3_CHOstat.errorcharTex3[23]? CH_3_CHO excitation temperatureKphys.atmol.excitationintnullablee_Tex3? Uncertainty in Tex3Kstat.errorintnullablel_CH3OCH3[<] Upper limit flag in CH_3_OCH_3_meta.code.errorcharCH3OCH3CH_3_OCH_3_ abundance (a(b)=a*10^b^) (7)phys.abundcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar