J/ApJ/780/73ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/780/73doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17800073CDSAjello M.Romani R.W.Gasparrini D.Shaw M.S.Bolmer J.Cotter G.,Finke J.Greiner J.Healey S.E.King O.Max-Moerbeck W.,Michelson P.F.Potter W.J.Rau A.Readhead A.C.S.Richards J.L.,Schady P.2017-09-20T05:14:10Z2015-07-16T07:58:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleibl-lacertae-objectsgamma-ray-astronomyredshiftedFermi has provided the largest sample of {gamma}-ray-selected blazars to date. In this work we use a uniformly selected set of 211 BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects detected by Fermi during its first year of operation. We obtained redshift constraints for 206 out of the 211 BL Lac objects in our sample, making it the largest and most complete sample of BL Lac objects available in the literature. We use this sample to determine the luminosity function of BL Lac objects and its evolution with cosmic time. We find that for most BL Lac classes the evolution is positive, with a space density peaking at modest redshift (z{approx}1.2). Low-luminosity, high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) BL Lac objects are an exception, showing strong negative evolution, with number density increasing for z<~0.5. Since this rise corresponds to a drop-off in the density of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), a possible interpretation is that these HSPs represent an accretion-starved end state of an earlier merger-driven gas-rich phase. We additionally find that the known BL Lac correlation between luminosity and photon spectral index persists after correction for the substantial observational selection effects with implications for the so-called "blazar sequence." Finally, by estimating the beaming corrections to the luminosity function, we find that BL Lac objects have an average Lorentz factor of {gamma}=6.1_-0.8_^+1.1^, and that most are seen within 10{deg} of the jet axis.2014ApJ...780...73Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/780/73CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/562/A64 : Fermi detection of BL Lac objects (Wu+, 2014)J/ApJS/209/34 : The first Fermi-LAT >10GeV catalog (1FHL) (Ackermann+, 2013)J/MNRAS/430/2464 : The CLASS BL Lac sample (Marcha+, 2013)J/ApJ/764/135 : Spectroscopic redshifts of BL Lac objects (Shaw+, 2013)J/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/83 : Associations to 1FGL sources (Ackermann+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/68 : WISE IR colors of gamma-ray blazars (D'Abrusco+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/49 : 1LAC broad-line blazars optical spectroscopy (Shaw+, 2012)J/A+A/538/A26 : BL Lac objects beyond z=1.3 (Rau+, 2012)J/ApJ/743/171 : The 2LAC catalog (Ackermann+, 2011)J/ApJ/742/66 : New Fermi/LAT extragalactic sources (Teng+, 2011)J/ApJ/715/429 : First Fermi-LAT AGN catalog (1LAC) (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJ/699/603 : Evolution of Swift/BAT blazars (Ajello+, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/780/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/780/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/780/73https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/780/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/780/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/780/73GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/780/73/table5 (The 211 BL Lac objects detected by Fermi used for this analysis (2015-09-08 version))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/73/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/73/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/780/73/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.74646.8820.0055555555555555566/100 250 398 447 514 579 716 2091 2122 2140 2295 2414 2484 2636 2749 3431 3951 4255 4312 4695 4770 4865 4964 5072 5284 5361 5423 5462 5483 5915 6015 6018 6021 6067 6088 6507 6647 6723 6948 6963 6996 7038 7091 7285 7315 7548 7758 7896 8071 8100 8321 8374 8515 8915 8972 9196 9566 9612 9711 10046 10183 10280 10524 10599 10800 10801 10843 11153 11212 11242 11321 11430 11444 11522 11639 11649 12475 13367 13640 13666 13673 13705 13711 15059 15211 15247 15286 15917 15969 16058 16170 16223 16281 16298 16447 16510 16796 16816 17048 17516 17579 18210 18253 18270 18315 18402 18457 18853 19037 19149 19723 19756 19789 19907 19989 20006 20049 20083 20141 20456 20611 20920 21160 21179 21960 21968 21972 22363 23015 23134 23181 23222 25067 25910 26254 26483 26565 26695 26798 26964 26983 27060 27472 27523 27524 27844 28117 28139 28199 28342 28352 28454 28492 28498 28517 29952 30012 30842 31362 31663 31894 31967 32261 32311 32345 32611 32621 32712 33370 33825 33880 34123 34209 34461 34528 34572 35076 35078 35252 35700 35786 35963 35981 36059 36941 37045 37529 40766 42914 43380 43596 44059 44147 44247 44340 44813 46444 46740 46787 47014 47057 47248 47319 47375 47708 47714 47960 48624 48985 49037https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/780/73?format=asciiGamma-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/780/73/table5The 211 BL Lac objects detected by Fermi used for this analysis (2015-09-08 version)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint1FGLName in the First Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL; Abdo et al. 2010, J/ApJS/188/405)meta.id;meta.maincharF100[0.1/44] Flux in the 0.1-100GeV band in units of 10^-8^photons/cm^2^/s (1)0.0001m**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloate_F100Uncertainty in F1000.0001m**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatGamma[1.4/2.8] Photon index {Gamma} (1)meta.code;spect.indexfloate_Gamma[0/0.33] Uncertainty in Gammastat.errorfloatzsp[0.03/1.4]? Spectroscopic redshift (2)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullabler_zsp[h] "h" indicates a spectroscopic redshift from Pita et al. (2012AIPC.1505..566P)meta.ref;pos.framecharrefSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlintnullablezph[1.2/1.7]? Photometric redshift estimate from Rau et al. 2012 (J/A+A/538/A26)src.redshift.photfloatnullabler_zph[i] The flag "i" indicates a photometric redshift from the work of J. Bolmer et al. (2013, in preparation)meta.ref;pos.framecharE_zph[0.04]? Positive error in zphstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_zph[0.1]? Negative error in zphstat.errorfloatnullablezsp0[0.1/1.8]? Spectroscopic redshift lower limit (3)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullabler_zsp0[h] The flag "h" indicates lower limit on spectroscopic redshift from Pita et al. (2012AIPC.1505..566P)meta.ref;pos.framecharzsp1[1.6/4.7]? Spectroscopic redshift upper limit from Shaw et al. 2013 (J/ApJ/764/135)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezph1[1.0/3.1]? Photometric redshift upper limit from Rau et al. 2012 (J/A+A/538/A26)src.redshift.photfloatnullabler_zph1[i] The flag "i" indicates upper limit on photometric redshift from the work of J. Bolmer et al. (2013, in preparation)meta.ref;pos.framecharSEDSED class (HSP, ISP or LSP) (4)meta.code.classcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from 1FGL catalog (Abdo et al. 2010, J/ApJS/188/405) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from 1FGL catalog (Abdo et al. 2010, J/ApJS/188/405) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main