J/ApJ/778/128ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/778/128doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17780128CDSPerley D.A.Levan A.J.Tanvir N.R.Cenko S.B.Bloom J.S.Hjorth J.,Kruhler T.Filippenko A.V.Fruchter A.Fynbo J.P.U.Jakobsson P.,Kalirai J.Milvang-Jensen B.Morgan A.N.Prochaska J.X.Silverman J.M.2017-06-13T11:08:38Z2015-06-08T10:34:56ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygalaxiesphotometryredshiftedextinctionWe present observations and analysis of the host galaxies of 23 heavily dust-obscured gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift satellite during the years 2005-2009, representing all GRBs with an unambiguous host-frame extinction of A_V_>1mag from this period. Deep observations with Keck, Gemini, Very Large Telescope, Hubble Space Telescope, and Spitzer successfully detect the host galaxies and establish spectroscopic or photometric redshifts for all 23 events, enabling us to provide measurements of the intrinsic host star formation rates, stellar masses, and mean extinctions. Compared to the hosts of unobscured GRBs at similar redshifts, we find that the hosts of dust-obscured GRBs are (on average) more massive by about an order of magnitude and also more rapidly star forming and dust obscured. While this demonstrates that GRBs populate all types of star-forming galaxies, including the most massive, luminous systems at z{approx}2, at redshifts below 1.5 the overall GRB population continues to show a highly significant aversion to massive galaxies and a preference for low-mass systems relative to what would be expected given a purely star-formation-rate-selected galaxy sample. This supports the notion that the GRB rate is strongly dependent on metallicity, and may suggest that the most massive galaxies in the universe underwent a transition in their chemical properties ~9Gyr ago. We also conclude that, based on the absence of unobscured GRBs in massive galaxies and the absence of obscured GRBs in low-mass galaxies, the dust distributions of the lowest-mass and the highest-mass galaxies are relatively homogeneous, while intermediate-mass galaxies (~10^9^M_{sun}_) have diverse internal properties.2013ApJ...778..128Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/778/128CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/426/1845 : AzTEC survey of the SHADES fields. II. (Michalowski+, 2012)J/PASJ/63/S379 : MOIRCS Deep Survey deep and wide catalogs (Kajisawa+, 2011)J/AJ/141/36 : GRB 080607 multi-band light curves (Perley+, 2011)J/MNRAS/415/1479 : LESS photometric redshift survey (Wardlow+, 2011)J/MNRAS/401/1521 : Stellar masses of Lyman break galaxies (Magdis+, 2010)J/ApJ/720/1513 : The afterglows of Swift-era GRBs. I. (Kann+, 2010)J/ApJ/701/824 : Afterglows of short & long-duration GRBs (Nysewander+, 2009)J/ApJ/693/1484 : Early optical afterglow catalog (Cenko+, 2009)J/ApJ/690/163 : The first Swift UV-Opt GRB afterglow catalog (Roming+, 2009)J/A+A/504/751 : GOODS-MUSIC catalog updated version (Santini+, 2009)J/MNRAS/397/1177 : Swift-XRT observations of GRBs (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/686/1209 : Optical properties of GRB afterglows (Melandri+, 2008)J/ApJ/683/321 : Metallicities of GRB, DLA & Ly{alpha} gal. (Fynbo+, 2008)J/AJ/133/1027 : Positions for 179 Swift X-ray afterglows (Butler+, 2007)J/ApJ/654/L25 : Light-curve data for GRB 050319 (Huang+, 2007)J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)J/AJ/130/873 : Properties of BQSs in the SDSS DR3 area (Jester+, 2005)J/AJ/127/2002 : Star Formation Rate of NFGS galaxies (Kewley+, 2004)http://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/grbgen.html : GRBs compilationhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/778/128https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/778/128http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/778/128https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/778/128https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/778/128http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/778/128GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/778/128/grb (GRB afterglow properties and host positions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/778/128/grb?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/778/128/grb?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/778/128/grb?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true81.68668333-28.016463890.0055555555555555566/2357 6102 8798 9370 9750 10666 10723 13331 13694 14892 15915 16661 17733 20053 20655 22580 26441 27566 27933 31607 33679 35045 46250https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/778/128?format=asciiGamma-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/778/128/grbGRB afterglow properties and host positionsE_Bx[0.07/0.6] Positive error on Bxstat.error;stat.maxfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB identifier (YYMMDDA)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryz[0.3/3.1] Redshift of the GRB or host galaxysrc.redshiftfloatf_z[p] p: Host-galaxy photometric redshiftmeta.codecharT90[12/340] T_90_ durationstime.durationintSg[3/1400] Gamma-ray fluence S_{gamma}_ in the Swift BAT 15-150keV band (1)1e-10J.m**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.hardintNH[1/84] Equivalent neutral-hydrogen column at z=0 (2)1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatE_NH[2/18] Positive error on NH1e+20cm**-2stat.error;stat.maxfloate_NH[2/16] Negative error on NH1e+20cm**-2stat.errorfloatBx[0.4/2.5] Measured X-ray spectral slope ({beta}_X_) (3)spect.indexfloate_Bx[0.06/0.6] Negative error on Bxstat.errorfloatBxm[1/2.13] Minimum X-ray spectral slope (4)spect.indexfloatBox[-0.6/0.4] Upper limit of the observed optical-to-X-ray index {beta}_ox_ (5)spect.indexfloatAvl[0.5/12.3] Limiting extinction (A_V_ in the host frame) (6)magphys.absorptionfloatl_AvLimit flag on Avmeta.code.errorcharAv[1.3/3.7]? Measured or limiting extinction A_v,fit_ (7)magphys.absorptionfloatnullableRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000) (8)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000) (8)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainePos[0.1/1.4] Position uncertainty (9)arcsecstat.error;posfloatTelTelescope used for position (10)instr.setupcharE(B-V)[0.008/0.2] Foreground extinction from Schlegel et al. (1998ApJ...500..525S)magphot.color.excessfloatRAHHost hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.raDEHHost degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.decRad[0.6/2]? Minimum aperture radius used for photometry of the host galaxyarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableProb[0/0.09] Random identification probability (11)meta.id;stat.probabilityfloatNpNumber of photometric measures for the host-galaxy of this GRBmeta.numberintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/778/128/table3Host-galaxy photometryFiltFilter used in the observationinstr.setup;obscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharl_magLimit flag on magmeta.code.errorcharmag[16.4/28.9] Observed magnitude in Filtmagphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablel_FluxLimit flag on Fluxmeta.code.error;phot.fluxcharFlux[0.01/144.5] Observed flux densityuJyphot.flux.densityfloate_Flux[0.01/29.2]? Uncertainty in FluxuJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatnullableTelTelescope and instrument used in observation (Keck-I/LRIS, Spitzer/IRAC, HST, VLT, GROND, Gemini-N, ...)instr.setup;obscharRefReference (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar