J/ApJ/775/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/775/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17750063CDSDzib S.A.Loinard L.Mioduszewski A.J.Rodriguez L.F.Ortiz-Leon G.N.,Pech G.Rivera J.L.Torres R.M.Boden A.F.Hartmann L.Evans II N.J.,Briceno C.Tobin J.2017-12-06T07:38:08Z2015-04-09T12:29:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-continuum-emissionastronomical-object-identificationinfrared-sourcesx-ray-sourcesyoung-stellar-objectsstellar-spectral-typesWe present large-scale (~2000arcmin^2^), deep (~20{mu}Jy), high-resolution (~1") radio observations of the Ophiuchus star-forming complex obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at {lambda}=4 and 6cm. In total, 189 sources were detected, 56 of them associated with known young stellar sources, and 4 with known extragalactic objects; the other 129 remain unclassified, but most of them are most probably background quasars. The vast majority of the young stars detected at radio wavelengths have spectral types K or M, although we also detect four objects of A/F/B types and two brown dwarf candidates. At least half of these young stars are non-thermal (gyrosynchrotron) sources, with active coronas characterized by high levels of variability, negative spectral indices, and (in some cases) significant circular polarization. As expected, there is a clear tendency for the fraction of non-thermal sources to increase from the younger (Class 0/I or flat spectrum) to the more evolved (Class III or weak line T Tauri) stars. The young stars detected both in X-rays and at radio wavelengths broadly follow a Gudel-Benz relation, but with a different normalization than the most radioactive types of stars. Finally, we detect a ~70mJy compact extragalactic source near the center of the Ophiuchus core, which should be used as gain calibrator for any future radio observations of this region.2013ApJ...775...63Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/775/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)IX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)J/ApJS/211/3 : NIR photometry variability in {rho} Oph (Parks+, 2014)J/ApJ/751/22 : Candidates of the {rho} Oph cluster (Barsony+, 2012)J/AJ/142/140 : Optical spectroscopy of {rho} Oph stars. II. (Erickson+, 2011)J/ApJ/724/835 : The Spitzer c2d survey of WTTSs. III. (Wahhaj+, 2010)J/A+A/519/A34 : YSOs in DROXO (Deep rho Oph XMM obs.) (Pillitteri+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/550 : Deep NIR imaging of {rho} Oph cloud core (Marsh+, 2010)J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)J/A+A/515/A75 : Low-mass pop. in {rho} Oph cloud (Alves de Oliveira+, 2010)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJ/683/822 : Star formation in Ophiuchus and Perseus II. (Jorgensen+, 2008)J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of {rho} Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)J/ApJ/667/308 : Weak-line T Tauri in Spitzer c2d Survey. II. (Cieza+, 2007)J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)J/A+A/447/609 : 1.2mm continuum observations in rho Oph cloud (Stanke+, 2006)J/AJ/130/1733 : Optical spectroscopy of {rho} Oph stars (Wilking+, 2005)J/A+A/429/963 : XMM-Newton observation of the rho Oph cloud (Ozawa+, 2005)J/ApJ/613/393 : X-ray and radio sources in {rho} Oph Core A (Gagne+, 2004)J/PASJ/55/653 : Chandra X-ray flares in rho Ophiuchi (Imanishi+, 2003)J/A+A/359/113 : X-ray and IR study of Rho Oph dark cloud (Grosso+, 2000)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/775/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/775/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/775/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/775/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/775/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/775/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/775/63/table1 (Radio sources detected in Ophiuchus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/775/63/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/775/63/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/775/63/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.4205833-24.69644440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/775/63/table5 (Young stellar objects detected in the radio observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/775/63/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/775/63/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/775/63/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.4604583-24.65408330.0055555555555555566/42957 42959 42970 42971 42972 42981 429922.9817313066386044e-24 4.9695521777310075e-24https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/775/63?format=asciiRadioInfraredX-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/775/63/table1Radio sources detected in OphiuchusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintYSOSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.codeintnullableGBS-VLARadio source name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryXSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharl_F4.5Limit flag on F4.5meta.code.errorcharF4.5[0.05/71.1] 4.5GHz fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloate_F4.5[0.007/1.5]? Error from statistical noise in the imagemJystat.errorfloatnullables_F4.5[0.003/3.6]? Systematic uncertainty of 5% (1)mJystat.error.sysfloatnullablel_v4.5Limit flag on v4.5meta.code.errorcharv4.5[2/97]? Variability of the source at 4.5GHz (2)%src.var.indexfloatnullablef_v4.5[a] low S/N (3)meta.codechare_v4.5[0.1/31]? v4.5 uncertainty%stat.errorfloatnullablel_F7.5Limit flag on F7.5meta.code.errorcharF7.5[0.04/71]? 7.5GHz fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_F7.5[0.005/4]? Error from statistical noise in the imagemJystat.errorfloatnullables_F7.5[0.002/3.5]? Systematic uncertainty of 5% (1)mJystat.error.sysfloatnullablel_v7.5Limit flag on v7.5meta.code.errorcharv7.5[5/98]? Variability of the source at 7.5GHz (2)%src.var.indexfloatnullablef_v7.5[a] low S/N (3)meta.codechare_v7.5[0.1/37.5]? v7.5 uncertainty%stat.errorfloatnullablel_alphaLimit flag on SpIndmeta.code.error;pos.eq.racharalpha[-2.7/3.4]? Radio spectral index {alpha} from the fluxes measured in each sub-band (F_{nu}_{prop.to}{nu}^{alpha}^)spect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha[0/0.9]? alpha uncertainty (4)stat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableEx?Ex: Extendedmeta.notecharICatSources within 2" from SST (Evans+, 2009, J/ApJS/181/321), 2MASS (II/246) and WISE (II/311)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from GBS-VLA names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from GBS-VLA names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/775/63/table3Radio sources with known counterpartsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_GBS-VLA[a] Flag on J162722.96-242236.6 (2)meta.codecharGBS-VLARadio source name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharONameOther namemeta.idcharXIDX-ray identifier (1)meta.idcharSST?Y: in Evans et al. 2009, J/ApJS/181/321meta.codechar2M?Y: in Cutri et al. 2003, II/246meta.codecharWISE?Y: in Cutri et al. 2012, II/311meta.codecharRadioRadio identifier (3)meta.id.crosscharTypeObject type (YSO, YSO? or E=extragalactic)src.classcharJ/ApJ/775/63/table5Young stellar objects detected in the radio observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGBS-VLARadio source name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharf_GBS-VLA[c] possible knot (1)meta.codecharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharClassClassification from SED (FS=Faint spectrum)src.classcharVar?Y: source variability >50% in at least one frequency; N when it is lowermeta.codecharPol?Y: circular polarization is detected (2)meta.codecharalph?Flat, Negative or Positive spectral index (3)meta.codecharX?Y: X-ray flux reported in the literaturemeta.codecharRefReference(s) (4)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RAPositions from GBS-VLA names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from GBS-VLA names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main