J/ApJ/769/149ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/769/149doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17690149CDSKim K.H.Watson D.M.Manoj P.Forrest W.J.Najita J.Furlan E.,Sargent B.Espaillat C.Muzerolle J.Megeath S.T.Calvet N.,Green J.D.Arnold L.2017-06-27T06:38:55Z2015-01-19T12:30:09ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyyoung-stellar-objectsaccretionstellar-spectral-typesTransitional disks are protoplanetary disks around young stars, with inner holes or gaps which are surrounded by optically thick outer, and often inner, disks. Here we present observations of 62 new transitional disks in the Orion A star-forming region. These were identified using the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Spectrograph and followed up with determinations of stellar and accretion parameters using the Infrared Telescope Facility's SpeX. We combine these new observations with our previous results on transitional disks in Taurus, Chamaeleon I, Ophiuchus, and Perseus, and with archival X-ray observations. This produces a sample of 105 transitional disks of "cluster" age 3Myr or less, by far the largest hitherto assembled. We use this sample to search for trends between the radial structure in the disks and many other system properties, in order to place constraints on the possible origins of transitional disks. We see a clear progression of host-star accretion rate and the different disk morphologies. We confirm that transitional disks with complete central clearings have median accretion rates an order of magnitude smaller than radially continuous disks of the same population. Pre-transitional disks--those objects with gaps that separate inner and outer disks--have median accretion rates intermediate between the two. Our results from the search for statistically significant trends, especially related to dM/dt, strongly support that in both cases the gaps are far more likely to be due to the gravitational influence of Jovian planets or brown dwarfs orbiting within the gaps, than to any of the photoevaporative, turbulent, or grain-growth processes that can lead to disk dissipation. We also find that the fraction of Class II YSOs which are transitional disks is large, 0.1-0.2, especially in the youngest associations.2013ApJ...769..149Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/769/149CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/A+A/564/A29 : Optical and near-infrared photometry in Orion A (Bouy+, 2014)J/ApJ/767/36 : Herschel & APEX obs. in Orion: protostars (Stutz+, 2013)J/ApJS/207/10 : HST Treasury Program on the ONC (Robberto+, 2013)J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A and B. I. YSO (Megeath+, 2012)J/ApJ/752/59 : Low-mass population in L1641 (Hsu+, 2012)J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)J/A+A/515/A13 : Very low mass objects in ONC (Rodriguez-Ledesma+, 2010)J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)J/ApJ/710/597 : Accretion in disks in Cep OB2 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2010)J/AJ/140/266 : NGC 1333 X-ray luminous YSOs properties (Winston+, 2010)J/A+A/504/461 : YSOs in L1630N and L1641 (Fang+, 2009)J/ApJS/183/261 : Optical photometry of the ONC (Da Rio+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)J/ApJ/698/1 : Spitzer observations of NGC 2362 (Currie+, 2009)J/ApJ/697/1103 : Kinematics of Orion Nebula Cluster (Tobin+, 2009)J/ApJ/693/L81 : Extinction in star-forming regions (McClure, 2009)J/A+A/493/339 : XMM-Newton serendipitous Survey. V. (Watson+, 2009)J/MNRAS/400/603 : New variables in ONC (Parihar+, 2009)J/A+A/489/1409 : IR photometry and spectroscopy in L1641N (Galfalk+, 2008)J/A+A/468/353 : XMM-Newton Extended Survey of Taurus (Guedel+, 2007)J/ApJ/671/605 : NGC 2264 and ONC PMS stars in the infrared (Cieza+, 2007)J/A+A/452/245 : Near-IR photometry of PMS stars in rho Oph (Natta+, 2006)J/ApJ/646/297 : Spitzer obs. of pre-main-sequence stars (Rebull+, 2006)J/AJ/131/1574 : Infrared photometry of IC348 members (Lada+, 2006)J/ApJS/160/353 : Membership of the Orion nebula population (Getman+, 2005)J/AJ/125/1537 : QUIRC Chandra sources in OMC 2/3 (Tsujimoto+, 2003)J/AJ/119/3026 : Circumstellar disk candidates in Orion (Rebull+, 2000)J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)J/AJ/113/1733 : Orion Nebula Cluster population (Hillenbrand 1997)J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/769/149https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/769/149http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/769/149https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/769/149https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/769/149http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/769/149GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/769/149/tdclass (Stellar and disk properties and sub-classification of transitional disks)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/769/149/tdclass?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/769/149/tdclass?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/769/149/tdclass?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.3688375-5.29063060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/769/149/observ (Orion A transitional disks IRS and SpeX observations, spectral types and extinction)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/769/149/observ?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/769/149/observ?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/769/149/observ?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.3688333-5.29061110.0055555555555555566/862 1029 1050 1081 1114 1123 1159 1168 1169 1170 21403 21425 21427 21428 21430 21436 21438 21439 22804 22805 23549 23551 36956 36957 37122 37128 42958 42970 42980 42981 42983 42994 44356https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/769/149?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/769/149/tdclassStellar and disk properties and sub-classification of transitional disksSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifications numbers if anymeta.idcharNameSource name (IRS or other name)meta.id;meta.maincharTeff[3145/6030] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintL*[0.02/62.4] Stellar luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatM*[0.2/3.4] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatRwall[2.2/138.2] Radius of transitional disk from IRS spectrum (1)AUphys.size.radiusfloatl_dM/dtLimit flag on dM/dtmeta.code.errorchardM/dt? Mass accretion rate (2)solMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublenullablee_dM/dt? dM/dt uncertaintysolMass/yrstat.errordoublenullablef_dM/dtFlag on dM/dt (3)meta.codecharLX? Luminosity in 0.2-12keV total energy band (4)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullablee_LX? LX uncertainty1e-07Wstat.errordoublenullableRegRegion identifier (L1641 or ONC)obs.fieldcharf_RegOphiuchus "core" or "off"meta.codecharK-6[Y/N ] Criteria of n_K-6_ passed? (5)meta.codechar13-31[Y/N ] Criteria of n_13-31_ passed? (5)meta.codechar10um[Y/N ] Criteria of EW(10um) passed? (5)meta.codecharTypeTransitional disk subtype (CTD, WTD or PTD) based on IDEF value (G2)meta.code.classcharf_Type[ab] Mismatched Transition Disk criteria (7)meta.codecharIDEF[-0.8/1.8] Inner disk excess fractionphot.color.excessfloatf_IDEFFlag on IDEF (7)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/769/149/observOrion A transitional disks IRS and SpeX observations, spectral types and extinctionf_ReducFlag on Reduc (2)meta.codecharSemSpeX observation semestertime.epochcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/303] Sequence number (G1)meta.idintIRSInfra-Red Spectrograph source namemeta.id;meta.mainchar2MASS? 2MASS name (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000);meta.id.crosscharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainAORSpitzer/IRS AOR identification numbermeta.id;obsintCamp[36/44] Spitzer/IRS campaign numbermeta.id;obsintDateIRSDate of Spitzer/IRS observationtime.epochnullableRegRegion identifier (L1641 or ONC)obs.fieldcharReducReduction (1)obs.paramcharDateSpeXUT date of SpeX observationtime.epochnullableSlit[0.3/0.8] SpeX slit widtharcsecspect.line.widthfloatnullableTint[120/2520] SpeX total integration timestime.epochintnullableCommComment(s) (3)meta.notecharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTSpT reference or method (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharAv[0/21.3] V-band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatMethAv methodmeta.notechar