J/ApJ/765/12ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/765/12doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17650012CDSGreen P.2017-09-22T16:15:45Z2014-11-21T12:48:56ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomysloan-photometrycarbon-starswhite-dwarf-starsinfrared-photometryultraviolet-photometryproper-motionsAmong stars showing carbon molecular bands (C stars), the main-sequence dwarfs, likely in post-mass transfer binaries, are numerically dominant in the Galaxy. Via spectroscopic selection from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we retrieve 1220 high galactic latitude C stars, ~5 times more than previously known, including a wider variety than past techniques such as color or grism selection have netted, and additionally yielding 167 DQ white dwarfs. Of the C stars with proper motion measurements, we identify 69% clearly as dwarfs (dCs), while ~7% are giants. The dCs likely span absolute magnitudes M_i_ from ~6.5 to 10.5. "G-type" dC stars with weak CN and relatively blue colors are probably the most massive dCs still cool enough to show C_2_bands. We report Balmer emission in 22 dCs, none of which are G-types. We find 8 new DA/dC stars in composite spectrum binaries, quadrupling the total sample of these "smoking guns" for AGB binary mass transfer. Eleven very red C stars with strong red CN bands appear to be "N"-type AGB stars at large Galactocentric distances, one likely a new discovery in the dIrr galaxy Leo A. Two such stars within 30' of each other may trace a previously unidentified dwarf galaxy or tidal stream at ~40 kpc. We explore the multiwavelength properties of the sample and report the first X-ray detection of a dC star, which shows strong Balmer emission. Our own spectroscopic survey additionally provides the dC surface density from a complete sample of dwarfs limited by magnitude, color, and proper motion.2013ApJ...765...12Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/765/12CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)II/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+ 2011)II/306 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 8 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2011)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)III/227 : General Catalog of galactic Carbon stars, 3d Ed. (Alksnis+ 2001)J/A+A/544/L6 : Images of two DQ white dwarfs (Vornanen+, 2012)J/ApJ/714/663 : Stellar density map of the Milky Way (de Jong+, 2010)J/ApJS/181/444 : X-emitting stars identified from RASS/SDSS (Agueros+, 2009)J/ApJS/178/339 : ChaMP extended stellar survey (ChESS) (Covey+, 2008)J/AJ/136/1921 : Variable stars of Draco dSph (Kinemuchi+, 2008)J/AJ/134/2398 : Stellar SEDs in SDSS and 2MASS filters (Covey+, 2007)J/AJ/134/2340 : Membership of Praesepe & Coma Berenices (Kraus+, 2007)J/A+A/473/143 : RVs of C stars near Galactic plane (Demers+, 2007)J/A+A/447/473 : R I CN TiO phot. of DDO190 carbon stars (Battinelli+, 2006)J/A+A/436/91 : C star population in outer disk of M31 (Demers+, 2005)J/ApJS/152/103 : Proper-motion catalog SDSS + USNO-B (Gould+, 2004)J/AJ/127/2838 : Faint high-latitude C stars SDSS photometry (Downes+, 2004)J/AJ/124/1651 : Faint high-latitude C stars SDSS photometry (Margon+, 2002)J/AZh/76/604 : Spectrophotometry of S and carbon stars (Tereshchenko, 1999)J/ApJS/105/419 : Spectral Atlas of Carbon Stars (Barnbaum+ 1996)http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/765/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/765/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/765/12https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/765/12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/765/12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/765/12GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/765/12/table1 (Carbon stars with SDSS spectroscopy)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.062541728.16927780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/765/12/table3 (DQ white dwarfs with SDSS spectroscopy)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.770916728.35116670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/765/12/table4 (Dwarf carbon stars confirmed with FAST spectroscopy)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/765/12/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true29.7362514.21022220.0055555555555555565/6979 6/2 27 37 66 324 397 545 550 552 554 712 714 716 726 994 1029 2092 4098 4109 4113 4115 4121 4122 4125 4134 4135 4139 4152 4153 4154 4156 4159 4160 4161 4172 4174 4175 4179 4180 4187 4195 4199 4200 4214 4218 4230 4233 4234 4242 4253 4258 4259 4275 4281 4304 4307 4324 4333 4344 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1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/765/12?format=asciiOpticalInfraredUVdefaultJ/ApJ/765/12/table1Carbon stars with SDSS spectroscopySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNameSDSSJ Name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch? SDSS MJD of SDSS DR8 astrometry (G2)dtime.epochdoublenullablermag[7/24] SDSS dereddened r band PSF magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatu-gSDSS u-g color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatg-rSDSS g-r color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatr-iSDSS r-i color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloati-zSDSS i-z color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.I;em.opt.IfloatJ-H? The J-H color index (1)magphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.HfloatnullableH-K? The H-K color index (1)magphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.Kfloatnullabler-J? The r-J color index from SDSS vs. UKIDSS or 2MASSmagphot.color;em.opt;em.IRfloatnullablepmRA[-361/208]? Proper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA? The 1{sigma} error in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-458/107]? Proper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE? The 1{sigma} error in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableNUV? GALEX NUV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UVfloatnullableFUV[16/26]? GALEX FUV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullableiMag? Absolute i band magnitude estimate (2)magphys.magAbsfloatnullableClassNote(s) on Luminosity Class (G3)meta.notecharD04[1] 1 = in Downes et al. 2004 (J/AJ/127/2838)meta.notechar2MDisplay the 2MASS data within 2" (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246) if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableDR7+Display the SDSS-DR7 and -DR9 photometric catalogs within 1"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for this starmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SDSS names (truncated) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SDSS names (truncated) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/765/12/table3DQ white dwarfs with SDSS spectroscopySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSDSSJ Name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharEpoch? SDSS MJD of position from SDSS DR8 (G2)dtime.epochdoublenullablermag[15/22] SDSS dereddened r band PSF magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatu-gSDSS u-g color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatg-rSDSS g-r color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatr-iSDSS r-i color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloati-zSDSS i-z color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.I;em.opt.IfloatNUV? GALEX NUV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UVfloatnullableFUV[18.6/24.5]? GALEX FUV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullablepmRA[-1025/179]? Proper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA? The 1{sigma} error in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-1465/347]? Proper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE? The 1{sigma} error in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableNotesNote(s) on spectral features (G3)meta.notecharDR7+Display the SDSS-DR7 and -DR9 photometric catalogs within 1"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for this starmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SDSS names (truncated) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SDSS names (truncated) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/765/12/table4Dwarf carbon stars confirmed with FAST spectroscopySloanDisplay the online SDSS data for this starmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSDSSJ Name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharEpoch? SDSS MJD of SDSS DR8 astrometry (G2)dtime.epochdoublenullablermag[7/24] SDSS dereddened r band PSF magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatu-gSDSS u-g color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatg-rSDSS g-r color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatr-iSDSS r-i color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloati-zSDSS i-z color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.I;em.opt.IfloatJ-H? The J-H color index (1)magphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.HfloatnullableH-K? The H-K color index (1)magphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.Kfloatnullabler-J? The r-J color index from SDSS vs. UKIDSS or 2MASSmagphot.color;em.opt;em.IRfloatnullablepmRA[-361/208]? Proper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA? The 1{sigma} error in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-458/107]? Proper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE? The 1{sigma} error in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data within 2" (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246) if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableDR7+Display the SDSS-DR7 and -DR9 photometric catalogs within 1"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SDSS names (truncated) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SDSS names (truncated) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main