J/ApJ/764/131ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/764/131doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17640131CDSChoi J.McCarthy C.Marcy G.W.Howard A.W.Fischer D.A.Johnson J.A.,Isaacson H.Wright J.T.2017-07-10T06:37:54Z2014-11-19T13:56:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradial-velocitymultiple-starsWe present 248 precise Doppler measurements of Barnard's Star (Gl 699), the second nearest star system to Earth, obtained from Lick and Keck Observatories during the 25 years between 1987 and 2012. The early precision was 20m/s but was 2m/s during the last 8 years, constituting the most extensive and sensitive search for Doppler signatures of planets around this stellar neighbor. We carefully analyze the 136 Keck radial velocities spanning 8 years by first applying a periodogram analysis to search for nearly circular orbits. We find no significant periodic Doppler signals with amplitudes above ~2m/s, setting firm upper limits on the minimum mass (Msini) of any planets with orbital periods from 0.1 to 1000 days. Using a Monte Carlo analysis for circular orbits, we determine that planetary companions to Barnard's Star with masses above 2M_{oplus}_ and periods below 10 days would have been detected. Planets with periods up to 2yr and masses above 10M_{oplus}_ (0.03M_Jup_) are also ruled out. A similar analysis allowing for eccentric orbits yields comparable mass limits. The habitable zone of Barnard's Star appears to be devoid of roughly Earth-mass planets or larger, save for face-on orbits. Previous claims of planets around the star by van de Kamp are strongly refuted. The radial velocity of Barnard's Star increases with time at 4.515+/-0.002m/s/yr, consistent with the predicted geometrical effect, secular acceleration, that exchanges transverse for radial components of velocity.2013ApJ...764..131Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/764/131CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/561/A36 : The LickX Spectra library (Worthey+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/ApJ/750/L37 : Stellar parameters of low-mass KOIs (Muirhead+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A61 : Radial velocities for XHIP catalogue (de Bruijne+, 2012)J/A+A/541/A9 : M dwarfs activity & radial velocity (Gomes da Silva+, 2012)J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)J/PASP/122/162 : Direct imaging of exoplanets (Beichman+, 2010)J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)J/A+A/505/859 : M dwarfs radial velocities (Zechmeister+, 2009)J/A+A/464/377 : HIP binaries with radial velocities (Frankowski+, 2007)J/A+A/414/699 : Spectra of southern late-type dwarfs (Cincunegui+, 2004)J/ApJS/141/503 : Radial Velocities for 889 late-type stars (Nidever+, 2002)J/A+A/325/159 : Companions to M dwarfs within 5pc (Leinert+ 1997)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/764/131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/764/131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/764/131https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/764/131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/764/131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/764/131GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/764/131/table3Lick radial velocities for Barnard's starrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateUT date of observationtime.epoch;obsnullableBJDBarycentric Julian Date of observation; BJD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-39/26] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[2/33] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatJ/ApJ/764/131/table2Keck radial velocities for Barnard's starrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateUT date of observationtime.epoch;obsnullableBJDBarycentric Julian Date of observation; BJD-2450000dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-39/26] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[2/33] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloat