J/ApJ/763/42ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/763/42doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17630042CDSOfek E.O.Fox D.Cenko S.B.Sullivan M.Gnat O.Frail D.A.Horesh A.,Corsi A.Quimby R.M.Gehrels N.Kulkarni S.R.Gal-Yam A.Nugent P.E.,Yaron O.Filippenko A.V.Kasliwal M.M.Bildsten L.Bloom J.S.,Poznanski D.Arcavi I.Laher R.R.Levitan D.Sesar B.Surace J.2017-10-03T05:12:40Z2014-10-31T09:54:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaex-ray-sourcesHere we report on a search, using Swift/XRT and Chandra, for X-ray emission from 28 SNe that belong to classes whose progenitors are suspected to be embedded in dense circumstellar matter (CSM). Our sample includes 19 Type IIn SNe, one Type Ibn SN, and eight hydrogen-poor superluminous SNe (SLSN-I such as SN 2005ap). Two SNe (SN 2006jc and SN 2010jl) have X-ray properties that are roughly consistent with the expectation for X-rays from a collisionless shock in optically thick CSM. However, the X-ray emission from SN 2006jc can also be explained as originating in an optically thin region. Thus, we propose that the optical light curve of SN 2010jl is powered by shock breakout in CSM. We suggest that two other events (SN 2010al and SN 2011ht) were too X-ray bright during the SN maximum optical light to be explained by the shock-breakout model. We conclude that the light curves of some, but not all, SNe IIn/Ibn are powered by shock breakout in CSM. For the rest of the SNe in our sample, including all of the SLSN-I events, our X-ray limits are not deep enough and were typically obtained too early (i.e., near the SN maximum light) for definitive conclusions about their nature. Late-time X-ray observations are required in order to further test whether these SNe are indeed embedded in dense CSM.2013ApJ...763...42Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/763/42CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)B/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)II/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) phot. catalog 1.0 (Ofek+, 2012)J/AJ/144/131 : Photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2010jl (Zhang+, 2012)J/other/Nat/474.484 : Ligth curves of 4 supernovae (Quimby+, 2011)J/ApJ/696/870 : Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) (Drake+, 2009)J/ApJ/690/1358 : Spectra of unusual optical transient SCP 06F6 (Barbary+, 2009)http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/Supernovae.html : List of IAU SNehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/763/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/763/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/763/42https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/763/42https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/763/42http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/763/42GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/763/42/table1 (SN sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/763/42/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/763/42/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/763/42/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true247.6022923.640290.0055555555555555566/2153 2252 2504 4181 4544 4671 5797 6048 6970 9107 9231 9339 9702 10122 10306 11482 13518 16917 17235 19954 20875 23078 25516 31518 31662 40939 43942 45307https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/763/42?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/763/42/table1SN samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharONameOther name of the SNmeta.idcharTypeSN type (Ibn, IIbn, or SLSN-I=superluminous SN)src.spTypecharRAJ2000Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_TrLimit flag on Trmeta.code.errorcharTr? Approximate rise time of the SN optical light curve (t_rise_) (1)dtime.epochintnullableu_TrUncertainty flag on Trmeta.code.errorcharTrUp[23/60]? Upper range in Trdtime.epochintnullableRMag[-23/-14] Absolute R-band magnitude at maximum light (ignoring K-corrections)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatu_RMagUncertainty flag on RMagmeta.code.errorcharz[0.004/0.6] Redshift (2)src.redshiftfloatNxNumber of Swift X-ray measurements (table 2)meta.numberintnullableTpkModified Julian Date of maximum light (t_peak_)dtime.epoch;stat.maxintu_TpkUncertainty flag on Tpkmeta.code.errorcharNH[0.7/11] Galactic neutral hydrogen column density (3)1e+20cm**-2phys.columnDensity;pos.galacticfloatl_LX[<~] 2{sigma} upper limit flag on LX or uncertainty flagmeta.code.errorcharLX0.2-10keV band X-ray luminosity in erg/s1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleLX/LO[0.004/1.2] X-ray to optical luminosity ratio (4)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatFAP[0/1] Minimum false-alarm probability value (FAP_min_) (5)stat.fit.goodnessfloatRefReference(s) (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.framecharNote[nuse] Note (6)meta.notecharBsnCross-match within 2" with the Asiago Supernova catalog (B/sn)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharJ/ApJ/763/42/table2Swift-XRT X-ray measurementsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSupernova namemeta.id;meta.maincharStart? Start date (1)dtime.startfloatnullableEnd? End date (1)dtime.endfloatnullableExp[1/207967] Swift/XRT integration timestime.epochdoubleCR[-1.2/8.4] Count rate in the 0.2-10keV bandct/ksphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_CR? The 1{sigma} lower error on CRct/ksstat.errorfloatnullableE_CR? The 1{sigma} upper error on CRct/ksstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableCRUL? The 2{sigma} upper limit on a nondetectionct/ksstat.errorfloatnullableFAP[0/1] Detection false-alarm probabilitystat.fit.goodnessfloatl_LXUpper limit flag on LXmeta.code.errorcharLXX-ray luminosity in the 0.2-10keV band; erg/s1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoubleJ/ApJ/763/42/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorchar