J/ApJ/761/97ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/761/97doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17610097CDSMurphy E.J.Bremseth J.Mason B.S.Condon J.J.Schinnerer E.,Aniano G.Armus L.Helou G.Turner J.L.Jarrett T.H.2021-08-10T11:12:21Z2014-09-08T12:28:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-continuum-emissionsurveysactive-galactic-nucleigalaxiesinfrared-photometryultraviolet-photometryWe present 33GHz photometry of 103 galaxy nuclei and extranuclear star-forming complexes taken with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) as part of the Star Formation in Radio Survey (SFRS). Among the sources without evidence for an active galactic nucleus, and also having lower frequency radio data, we find a median thermal fraction at 33GHz of {approx}76% with a dispersion of {approx}24%. For all sources resolved on scales <~0.5kpc, the thermal fraction is even larger, being >~90%. This suggests that the rest-frame 33GHz emission provides a sensitive measure of the ionizing photon rate from young star-forming regions, thus making it a robust star formation rate (SFR) indicator. Taking the 33 GHz SFRs as a reference, we investigate other empirical calibrations relying on different combinations of warm 24{mu}m dust, total infrared (IR; 8-1000{mu}m), H{alpha} line, and far-UV continuum emission. The recipes derived here generally agree with others found in the literature, albeit with a large dispersion that most likely stems from a combination of effects. Comparing the 33GHz to total IR flux ratios as a function of the radio spectral index, measured between 1.7 and 33GHz, we find that the ratio increases as the radio spectral index flattens which does not appear to be a distance effect. Consequently, the ratio of non-thermal to total IR emission appears relatively constant, suggesting only moderate variations in the cosmic-ray electron injection spectrum and ratio of synchrotron to total cooling processes among star-forming complexes. Assuming that this trend solely arises from an increase in the thermal fraction sets a maximum on the scatter of the non-thermal spectral indices among the star-forming regions of {sigma}_{alpha}_NT<~0.13.2012ApJ...761...97Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/761/97CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/552/A19 : Radio-farIR correlation in NGC 6946 (Tabatabaei+, 2013)J/ApJ/757/52 : UV and IR observations for SINGS galaxies. I. (Mao+, 2012)J/ApJS/190/233 : Spectroscopy & abundances of SINGS galaxies (Moustakas+, 2010)J/ApJ/714/1256 : Far-IR star formation rate indicators (Calzetti+, 2010)J/ApJ/704/1433 : 31GHz survey of low-frequency radio sources (Mason+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/1672 : Far-IR and H{alpha} fluxes in galaxies (Kennicutt+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/517 : The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy: IR photometry (Dale+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/556 : Star forming galaxy templates (Rieke+, 2009)J/ApJ/671/333 : Aperture photometry in NGC 5194 (Kennicutt+, 2007)J/ApJ/648/987 : UV through far-IR analysis of M81 (Perez-Gonzalez+, 2006)J/ApJS/164/38 : UV & FIR data for nearby galaxies (Iglesias-Paramo+, 2006)J/ApJ/633/871 : Positions and photometry of HII knots in M51 (Calzetti+, 2005)J/ApJ/577/31 : PNe in six galaxies (Ciardullo+, 2002)J/ApJS/112/315 : Spectroscopic parameters of Seyfert nuclei (Ho+ 1997)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/761/97https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/761/97http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/761/97https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/761/97https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/761/97http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/761/97GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/761/97/nuc (Nuclear source positions and photometry (tables 1, 3 and 6))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/761/97/nuc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/761/97/nuc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/761/97/nuc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true14.959583-7.5788890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/761/97/enuc (Extranuclear source positions and photometry (tables 2, 4 and 7))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/761/97/enuc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/761/97/enuc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/761/97/enuc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true24.18791715.79750.0055555555555555566/764 2320 3506 4447 5181 5492 5715 5751 5799 7241 7602 7604 7624 7743 7799 8106 10761 10841 10856 10901 11026 11027 11434 11457 13522 15592 15593 17594 18398 23178 25083 25946 26271 27030 27514 27555 27830 27861 27914 27937 28015 28035 28123 28167 28496 36194 362419.276497240453405e-25 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/761/97?format=asciiUVInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/761/97/nucNuclear source positions and photometry (tables 1, 3 and 6)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNemeta.numberintnullableRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTypeMorphological type from NED (only for table 1)src.morph.typecharDist[3/30.6]? Distance (only for table 1) (1)Mpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableNTypeNucleus type (only for table 1) (2)src.classcharnullabler_NTypeReference for NType (3)meta.notecharl_S33Limit flag on S33meta.code.errorcharS33[0.1/76.2] GBT/CCB 33GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S33[0.02/4]? S33 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablel_S33bLimit flag on S33bmeta.code.errorcharS33b[0.09/2.9]? Uncorrected 33GHz flux density (4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloatnullablee_S33b[0.02/0.3]? S33b uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableF24[14/9562] Spitzer/MIPS 24um fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_F24[2/1695] F24 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatFIR[1.8/892] Total infrared (8-1000um) fluxfW.m**-2phot.flux;em.IRfloate_FIR[0.3/321] FIR uncertaintyfW.m**-2stat.errorfloatS1.7[0.3/505]? 1.7GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullablee_S1.7[0/90]? S1.7 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableS1.4[0.9/585]? 1.4GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullablee_S1.4[0.2/104]? S1.4 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableFFUV[0.02/20]? GALEX far-UV (1528{AA}) fluxmJyphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullablee_FFUV[0/5]? FFUV uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableFNUV[0.1/120]? GALEX near-UV (2271{AA}) fluxmJyphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullablee_FNUV[0.03/28]? FNUV uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableFHa[0.3/32]? H{alpha} fluxfW.m**-2phot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_FHa[0.1/9]? FHa uncertaintyfW.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullableE(B-V)[0.009/0.6] Galactic extinction (5)magphot.color.excessfloatS22.75[-0.6/99.8] GBT/CCB 22.75GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloate_S22.75[0.04/1.1] S22.75 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS31.25[-4.3/85.5] GBT/CCB 31.25GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S31.25[0.03/1] S31.25 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS34.75[-3.3/73.7] GBT/CCB S34.75Ghz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S34.75[0.03/0.7] S34.75 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS38.25[-0.9/65.4] GBT/CCB S38.25GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S38.25[0.04/1.4] S38.25 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnu0[31/34.7] Effective frequency ({nu}_eff_)GHzem.freqfloatNu[1/70] Number of nods usedmeta.numberintNt[2/77] Number of nods takenmeta.numberintTon[0.7/47] Corresponding time spent on sourcemintime.epochfloatSEDSED plot of the regionmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/761/97/enucExtranuclear source positions and photometry (tables 2, 4 and 7)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharEnuc[1/11]? Extranuclear ID numbermeta.code.multipintnullableRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_S33Limit flag on S33meta.code.errorcharS33[0.1/76.2] GBT/CCB 33GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S33[0.02/4]? S33 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablel_S33bLimit flag on S33bmeta.code.errorcharS33b[0.09/2.9]? Uncorrected 33GHz flux density (4)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloatnullablee_S33b[0.02/0.3]? S33b uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableF24[14/9562] Spitzer/MIPS 24um fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_F24[2/1695] F24 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatFIR[1.8/892] Total infrared (8-1000um) fluxfW.m**-2phot.flux;em.IRfloate_FIR[0.3/321] FIR uncertaintyfW.m**-2stat.errorfloatS1.7[0.3/505]? 1.7GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullablee_S1.7[0/90]? S1.7 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableS1.4[0.9/585]? 1.4GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullablee_S1.4[0.2/104]? S1.4 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableFFUV[0.02/20]? GALEX far-UV (1528{AA}) fluxmJyphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullablee_FFUV[0/5]? FFUV uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableFNUV[0.1/120]? GALEX near-UV (2271{AA}) fluxmJyphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullablee_FNUV[0.03/28]? FNUV uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullableFHa[0.3/32]? H{alpha} fluxfW.m**-2phot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_FHa[0.1/9]? FHa uncertaintyfW.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullableE(B-V)[0.009/0.6] Galactic extinction (5)magphot.color.excessfloatS22.75[-0.6/99.8] GBT/CCB 22.75GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzfloate_S22.75[0.04/1.1] S22.75 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS31.25[-4.3/85.5] GBT/CCB 31.25GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S31.25[0.03/1] S31.25 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS34.75[-3.3/73.7] GBT/CCB S34.75Ghz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S34.75[0.03/0.7] S34.75 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatS38.25[-0.9/65.4] GBT/CCB S38.25GHz flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzfloate_S38.25[0.04/1.4] S38.25 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnu0[31/34.7] Effective frequency ({nu}_eff_)GHzem.freqfloatNu[1/70] Number of nods usedmeta.numberintNt[2/77] Number of nods takenmeta.numberintTon[0.7/47] Corresponding time spent on sourcemintime.epochfloatSEDSED plot of the regionmeta.ref.urlchar