J/ApJ/758/133ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/758/133doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17580133CDSSanders N.E.Caldwell N.McDowell J.Harding P.2017-06-27T06:39:01Z2014-08-08T11:34:20ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesh-ii-regionsplanetary-nebulaespectroscopygalaxiesastronomical-object-identificationThe oxygen abundance gradients among nebular emission line regions in spiral galaxies have been used as important constraints for models of chemical evolution. We present the largest-ever full-wavelength optical spectroscopic sample of emission line nebulae in a spiral galaxy (M31). We have collected spectra of 253 HII regions and 407 planetary nebulae (PNe) with the Hectospec multi-fiber spectrograph of the MMT. We measure the line-of-sight extinction for 199 HII regions and 333 PNe; we derive oxygen abundance directly, based on the electron temperature, for 51 PNe; and we use strong-line methods to estimate oxygen abundance for 192 HII regions and nitrogen abundance for 52 HII regions. The relatively shallow oxygen abundance gradient of the more extended HII regions in our sample is generally in agreement with the result of Zaritsky et al. (1994ApJ...420...87Z), based on only 19 M31 HII regions, but varies with the strong-line diagnostic employed. Our large sample size demonstrates that there is significant intrinsic scatter around this abundance gradient, as much as ~3 times the systematic uncertainty in the strong-line diagnostics. The intrinsic scatter is similar in the nitrogen abundances, although the gradient is significantly steeper. On small scales (deprojected distance <0.5kpc), HII regions exhibit local variations in oxygen abundance that are larger than 0.3dex in 33% of neighboring pairs. We do not identify a significant oxygen abundance gradient among PNe, but we do find a significant gradient in the [NII] ratio that varies systematically with surface brightness. Our results underscore the complex and inhomogeneous nature of the interstellar medium of M31, and our data set illustrates systematic effects relevant to future studies of the metallicity gradients in nearby spiral galaxies.2012ApJ...758..133Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/758/133CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/142/139 : A new catalog of HII regions in M31 (Azimlu+, 2011)J/ApJ/724/748 : Galactic anticenter PNe and oxygen abundance (Henry+, 2010)J/AJ/137/94 : Star clusters in M31 (Caldwell+, 2009)J/ApJ/689/194 : Distances of galactic planetary nebulae (Stanghellini+, 2008)J/AJ/134/2474 : H{alpha} emission-line stars in dwarf galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/A+A/471/127 : New globular clusters in M31 (Galleti+, 2007)J/A+A/459/85 : O/H and gas densities in star-forming galaxies (Nagao+, 2006)J/MNRAS/369/120 : Kinematic survey of PNe in M31 (Merrett+, 2006)J/MNRAS/369/97 : M31 planetary nebulae velocities (Halliday+, 2006)J/MNRAS/358/521 : Chemical evolution models for galaxies (Molla+, 2005)J/ApJ/617/240 : Oxygen abundances in GOODS-North (Kobulnicky+, 2004)J/ApJ/616/804 : Planetary Nebula Kinematics in M31 (Hurley-Keller+, 2004)J/A+AS/102/251 : Objective-prism survey of M31 em. objects (Meyssonnier+ 1993)J/A+AS/92/625 : Ionized nebulae in M31 (Walterbos+ 1992)J/ApJS/38/351 : M31 planetary nebulae (Ford+, 1978)J/A+AS/31/439 : A Survey of HII Regions in M31 (Pellet+ 1978)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/758/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/758/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/758/133https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/758/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/758/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/758/133GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/758/133/m31data (Basic data for M31 HII regions and PNe, and measured line fluxes relative to H{beta}=100)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/758/133/m31data?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/758/133/m31data?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/758/133/m31data?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.350540.29894440.0055555555555555565/677 6/2619 2622 2623 2664 2666 2705 2752https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/758/133?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/758/133/m31dataBasic data for M31 HII regions and PNe, and measured line fluxes relative to H{beta}=100RBCGaleti et al. 2007, Cat. J/A+A/471/127, Revised Bologna Catalog namemeta.id.crosscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypesource type ("HII regions", "Planetary nebulae", "Planetary nebulae (halo population)", or "Unclassified")src.classcharIDSource identifier (HIINNN, PNNNN, PNhNNN or XNNN; <[SCM2012b] {ID}> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNaNumber of Oxygen and/or Nitrogen abundance determinations for this sourcemeta.numberintRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGradGalactocentric radius; see Section 2.3kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatM[ds] diffuse or stellar morphology (1)meta.code;src.morphcharSB[1/3] Surface brightness class (1="dim", 2="normal", 3="bright") (2)meta.code.classintADC[ny] Status of Atmospheric Dispersion Compensator (y=ADC was functioning) (3)instr.setupcharVel[-640/232]? Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableM06Merrett et al. 2006, Cat. J/MNRAS/369/120, ID number (<[MMD2006] NNNN> in Simbad)meta.id.crosscharAMBAzimlu et al. 2011, Cat. J/AJ/142/139, ID number (<[AMB2011] HII NNNN> or <[AMB2011] NNN> in Simbad)meta.id.crosscharLGGSCross-match within 1" with the LGGS catalog (J/AJ/134/2474)meta.ref.urlintnullable3727[15/1230]? The [OII]3727{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_3727[0.8/90]? Uncertainty in [OII]3727stat.errorfloatnullable4363[0.6/100]? The [OIII]4363{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_4363? Uncertainty in [OIII]4363stat.errorfloatnullable4959[4/880]? The [OIII]4959{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_4959? Uncertainty in [OIII]4959stat.errorfloatnullable5007[8/2640]? The [OIII]5007{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_5007? Uncertainty in [OIII]5007stat.errorfloatnullable6548[5/450]? The [NII]6548{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_6548? Uncertainty in [NII]6548stat.errorfloatnullableHa[100/1290]? The H{alpha} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiointnullablee_Ha? Uncertainty in Hastat.errorintnullable6584[8/1420]? The [NII]6584{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_6584? Uncertainty in [NII]6584stat.errorfloatnullable6717[3/230]? The [SII]6717{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_6717? Uncertainty in [SII]6717stat.errorfloatnullable6731[2.9/160]? The [SII]6731{AA} line ratio (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_6731? Uncertainty in [SII]6731stat.errorfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiocharJ/ApJ/758/133/table4Derived quantities for M31 planetary nebulaerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDPN identifier (PNNNN or PNhNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharAV[0/4]? The V band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_AV? Uncertainty in AVmagstat.errorfloatnullableeps(O)? Oxygen abundance log(O/H)+12 (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_eps(O)? Uncertainty in eps(O) (G1)stat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJ/758/133/table3Derived quantities for M31 HII regionse_KD02? Uncertainty in KD02 (G1)stat.errorfloatnullableAV[0/4.7]? The V band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDHII identifier (HIINNN)meta.id;meta.mainchare_AV? Uncertainty in AVmagstat.errorfloatnullableeps(O)? Direct {epsilon}(O)=log(O/H)+12 oxygen number abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_eps(O)? Uncertainty in eps(O) (G1)stat.errorfloatnullableZ94? Zaritsky et al 1994ApJ...420...87Z oxygen abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_Z94? Uncertainty in Z94 (G1)stat.errorfloatnullableKD02? Kewley & Dopita 2002ApJS..142...35K oxygen abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullableN06-N2? Nagao et al. 2006, Cat. J/A+A/459/85, N2 oxygen abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_N06-N2? Uncertainty in N06-N2 (G1)stat.errorfloatnullableN06-O3N2? Nagao et al. 2006, Cat. J/A+A/459/85, O3N2 oxygen abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_N06-O3N2? Uncertainty in N06-O3N2 (G1)stat.errorfloatnullablePT05? Pilyugin & Thuan 2005ApJ...631..231P oxygen abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_PT05? Uncertainty in PT05 (G1)stat.errorfloatnullablePVT-ONS? Pilyugin et al. 2010ApJ...720.1738P Nitrogen abundance estimation (G1)phys.abundfloatnullablee_PVT-ONS? Uncertainty in PVT-ONS (G1)stat.errorfloatnullable