J/ApJ/757/18ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/757/18doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17570018CDSAlbrecht S.Winn J.N.Johnson J.A.Howard A.W.Marcy G.W.Butler R.P.,Arriagada P.Crane J.D.Shectman S.A.Thompson I.B.Hirano T.,Bakos G.Hartman J.D.2017-10-02T19:28:14Z2014-06-30T07:23:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradial-velocitymultiple-starssolar-system-planetsWe provide evidence that the obliquities of stars with close-in giant planets were initially nearly random, and that the low obliquities that are often observed are a consequence of star-planet tidal interactions. The evidence is based on 14 new measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect (for the systems HAT-P-6, HAT-P-7, HAT-P-16, HAT-P-24, HAT-P-32, HAT-P-34, WASP-12, WASP-16, WASP-18, WASP-19, WASP-26, WASP-31, Gl 436, and Kepler-8), as well as a critical review of previous observations. The low-obliquity (well-aligned) systems are those for which the expected tidal timescale is short, and likewise the high-obliquity (misaligned and retrograde) systems are those for which the expected timescale is long. At face value, this finding indicates that the origin of hot Jupiters involves dynamical interactions like planet-planet interactions or the Kozai effect that tilt their orbits rather than inspiraling due to interaction with a protoplanetary disk. We discuss the status of this hypothesis and the observations that are needed for a more definitive conclusion.2012ApJ...757...18Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/757/18CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/563/A22 : Radial velocities of 3 new hot Jupiters (Moutou+, 2014)J/A+A/557/A30 : Transits of HAT-P-16 and WASP-21 (Ciceri+, 2013)J/A+A/553/A49 : WASP-19b secondary eclipses (Abe+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A2 : WASP-19b light curves (Lendl+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A108 : Multi-site obs. of WASP-12 b transit (Maciejewski+, 2013)J/MNRAS/436/2 : Light curves of WASP-19 transit events (Mancini+, 2013)J/MNRAS/434/1300 : WASP-15 and WASP-16 light curves (Southworth+, 2013)J/MNRAS/428/3164 : Spectroscopy of WASP planet host stars (Doyle+, 2013)J/A+A/539/A102 : HD 209458 and HD 189733 theoretical spectra (Hayek+, 2012)J/ApJ/755/9 : Spitzer/IRAC light curves of GJ 436 system (Stevenson+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/77 : Photochemical model for planet WASP-12b (Kopparapu+, 2012)J/MNRAS/426/739 : RVs for seven transiting hot Jupiters (Hellier+, 2012)J/MNRAS/423/1503 : RV curves of WASP-16, 25 and 31 (Brown+, 2012)J/AJ/144/19 : Follow-up phot. for HAT-P-34 through HAT-P-37 (Bakos+, 2012)J/AJ/141/179 : Transits of TrES-4b, HAT-P-3b and WASP-12b (Chan+, 2011)J/A+A/534/A16 : WASP-22 & WASP-26 photometry and velocities (Anderson+, 2011)J/A+A/531/A60 : WASP-31b photometry and radial velocities (Anderson+, 2011)J/A+A/528/A65 : WASP-12b transits (Maciejewski+, 2011)J/A+A/527/L11 : HAT-P-6 radial velocity curve (Hebrard+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's cand. multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/742/59 : HAT-P-32 and HAT-P-33 follow-up (Hartman+, 2011)J/ApJ/727/125 : Two secondary eclipses of WASP-12b with Spitzer (Campo+, 2011)J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)J/ApJ/725/2017 : Sloan i-band light curve of HAT-P-24 (Kipping+, 2010)J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)J/ApJ/720/872 : A spectropolarimetric analysis of WASP-12 (Fossati+, 2010)J/A+A/524/A25 : Radial Velocities on 6 exoplanet host stars (Triaud+, 2010)J/A+A/520/A56 : WASP-26b RV and photometric data (Smalley+, 2010)J/A+A/513/L3 : H-band thermal emission of WASP-19b (Anderson+, 2010)J/ApJ/707/167 : Transiting planetary system WASP-18 (Southworth+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/L99 : Outlandish orbit of HAT-P-7b (Winn+, 2009)http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/jkt/tepcat/ : Cat. of transiting planet propertieshttp://www.physics.mcmaster.ca/~rheller/ : 75 planets with publishedhttp://exoplanets.org/ : Exoplanet orbit databasehttp://exoplanet.eu/ : The extrasolar planets encyclopaediahttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/757/18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/757/18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/757/18https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/757/18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/757/18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/757/18GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/757/18/table1 (Observation log)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/757/18/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/757/18/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/757/18/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true354.774191942.46597580.0055555555555555566/2532 2711 9811 12644 12862 13680 15040 15129 17172 22505 24409 25194 28548 35210 38452 44648https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/757/18?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/757/18/table1Observation logrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSystem namemeta.id;pos.framecharDateFirst observation datetime.epoch;obsnullableDay? Day of the second observation datetime.epochintnullableNobsNumber of RV measurements and link to table 2meta.numberintnullableSourceInstrument for the observation or reference for the reanalysis (1)meta.notecharVPVelocity Plotmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD database (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD database (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/757/18/table2Relative radial velocity measurementsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSystem namemeta.id;pos.framecharBJDBarycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-1660.3/1209.9] Radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublef_RVel[*] Flag on RVel (1)meta.codechare_RVel[-40.9/23.1] Internally estimated uncertainty in RVel (2)m/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatInstSpectrograph used in observation (3)meta.id;instrchar