J/ApJ/756/27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/756/27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17560027CDSLin D.Webb N.A.Barret D.2017-11-29T11:48:48Z2014-04-28T08:26:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-sourcessurveysastronomical-object-identificationWe carry out classification of 4330 X-ray sources in the 2XMMi-DR3 catalog. They are selected under the requirement of being a point source with multiple XMM-Newton observations and at least one detection with the signal-to-noise ratio larger than 20. For about one-third of them we are able to obtain reliable source types from the literature. They mostly correspond to various types of stars (611), active galactic nuclei (AGNs, 753), and compact object systems (138) containing white dwarfs, neutron stars, and stellar-mass black holes. We find that about 99% of stars can be separated from other source types based on their low X-ray-to-IR flux ratios and frequent X-ray flares. AGNs have remarkably similar X-ray spectra, with the power-law photon index centered around 1.91+/-0.31, and their 0.2-4.5keV flux long-term variation factors have a median of 1.48, with 98.5% being less than 10. In contrast, 70% of compact object systems can be very soft or hard, highly variable in X-rays, and/or have very large X-ray-to-IR flux ratios, separating them from AGNs. Using these results, we derive a source type classification scheme to classify the other sources and find 644 candidate stars, 1376 candidate AGNs, and 202 candidate compact object systems, whose false identification probabilities are estimated to be about 1%, 3%, and 18%, respectively. There are still 320 sources associated with nearby galaxies and 151 in the Galactic plane, which we expect to be mostly compact object systems or background AGNs. We also have 100 candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources. They are found to be much less variable than other accreting compact objects.2012ApJ...756...27Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/756/27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/cb : Cataclysmic Binaries, LMXBs, and related objects (Ritter+, 2013)B/xmm : XMM-Newton Obs. Log (XMM-Newton Science Operation Center, 2012)IX/45 : The Chandra Source Catalog, Release 1.1 (Evans+ 2012)IX/41 : XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue 2XMMi-DR3 (XMM-SSC, 2010)VII/258 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Ed.) (Veron+ 2010)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/284 : The USNO-B1.0 Catalog (Monet+ 2003)IX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)VII/155 : Third Reference Cat. of Bright Galaxies (RC3) (de Vaucouleurs+ 1991)J/A+A/557/A81 : XMM-LSS field X-ray sources classification (Melnyk+, 2013)J/A+A/527/A126 : 2XMMi/SDSS DR7 cross-correlation (Pineau+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/4 : Classification of CCCP X-ray sources (Broos+, 2011)J/ApJS/192/10 : Chandra ACIS survey in 383 nearby galaxies. I. (Liu, 2011)J/A+A/493/339 : XMM-Newton serendipitous Survey. V. (Watson+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/138 : XID II: RASS-2MASS cross-association (Haakonsen+, 2009)J/A+A/480/599 : XMM-Newton survey of M31 centre field (Stiele+, 2008)J/AJ/133/2495 : Classification of RASS optical counterparts (Dragomir+, 2007)J/ApJS/157/59 : Ultraluminous X-ray sources in nearby galaxies (Liu+, 2005)J/ApJ/616/1284 : Automated classification of ROSAT sources (McGlynn+, 2004)http://xmmssc-www.star.le.ac.uk/Catalogue/xcat_public_2XMMi-DR3.html : XMMhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/756/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/756/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/756/27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/756/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/756/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/756/27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/756/27/table4 (General source properties and source classification)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/756/27/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/756/27/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/756/27/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.3869920.121490.0055555555555555565/827 1827 4422 6814 8623 6/50 114 245 342 579 582 597 845 924 1031 1050 1159 1168 1170 1387 1483 1504 1505 1506 1679 1700 1701 1852 1853 1965 2142 2154 2155 2227 2230 2241 2251 2340 2342 2432 2619 2622 2623 2666 2705 2708 2709 2752 3029 3063 3506 3507 3633 3681 3717 4075 4078 4438 4439 4536 4653 4691 4695 4697 4804 4965 4976 4992 5063 5069 5090 5091 5305 5367 5414 5420 5423 5469 5471 5536 5560 5570 5862 5970 5976 6020 6021 6056 6069 6073 6075 6090 6112 6251 6274 6337 6340 6495 6535 6977 7026 7178 7210 7266 7280 7281 7349 7424 7426 7570 7576 7606 7612 7642 7663 7664 7741 7743 7784 7799 7869 7871 7885 7888 7896 7921 7923 7970 7976 7986 8066 8067 8073 8124 8220 8224 8264 8266 8269 8271 8299 8339 8524 8673 8707 8809 8922 8923 8941 8944 8952 9036 9055 9077 9168 9192 9194 9231 9346 9401 9436 9442 9444 9445 9468 9490 9501 9512 9612 9660 9662 9959 10004 10055 10169 10175 10189 10255 10265 10266 10293 10306 10312 10313 10348 10378 10379 10400 10401 10414 10484 10549 10598 10599 10601 10604 10605 10761 10763 10769 10771 10774 10841 10856 10905 10912 10977 10979 10980 10982 11026 11027 11048 11050 11080 11112 11127 11230 11252 11253 11337 11340 11347 11353 11354 11355 11375 11388 11392 11424 11434 11610 11614 11615 11626 11668 11673 11791 11810 11829 11875 11898 11924 11936 11974 12024 12025 12111 12121 12122 12123 12317 12405 12644 12645 12804 13250 13411 13414 13797 13927 14056 14305 14339 14345 14379 14447 14458 14619 14622 14629 14631 14646 14692 14693 14744 15090 15112 15311 15351 15368 15369 15370 15430 15433 15506 15592 15593 16042 16056 16059 16144 16186 16187 16301 16312 16447 16653 16655 16664 16666 16671 17119 17141 17438 17460 17472 17497 17622 17623 17671 17677 17679 17682 17683 17686 17692 17694 17695 17712 17713 17714 17752 17754 17814 18016 18017 18062 18084 18153 18184 18206 18207 18365 18395 18398 18417 18607 18747 18773 18794 18809 18968 19033 19036 19193 19283 19608 19717 19730 19848 19883 19950 19978 19990 19996 20000 20071 20082 20083 20099 20355 20460 20481 20489 20492 20538 20624 20700 20701 20764 21015 21134 21156 21425 21428 21430 21436 21438 21439 21870 22300 22577 22651 22659 22662 22690 22735 22746 22804 22805 22851 22854 22855 22873 22912 22955 23102 23134 23190 23191 23196 23197 23209 23323 23345 23451 23463 23469 23527 23549 23637 23704 23705 23714 23717 23728 23952 23995 24329 24853 24896 24951 25002 25344 25345 25451 25610 25611 25769 25771 25789 25832 25864 25906 25907 25944 25946 25968 25991 26002 26019 26022 26037 26080 26082 26125 26292 26432 26650 26785 26816 26818 27122 27126 27127 27133 27223 27225 27245 27247 27351 27462 27714 27719 27721 27730 27742 27765 27767 27773 27860 27862 27907 27913 27936 27941 27945 27950 28019 28023 28026 28029 28075 28127 28149 28173 28251 28275 28278 28281 28344 28346 28356 28396 28430 28452 28492 28516 28517 28529 28534 28535 28540 28541 28632 28690 28705 28722 28723 28741 28747 28752 28778 28779 28787 28808 28821 28823 28825 28827 28828 28830 28831 28848 28849 28862 28868 28875 28877 28892 28894 28913 28918 28919 28921 29002 29070 29072 29088 29090 29091 29094 29097 29101 29114 29119 29162 29221 29232 29234 29253 29264 29287 29398 29461 29505 29511 29513 29523 29528 29529 29664 29870 30028 30029 30219 30245 30262 30299 30313 30315 30318 30363 30366 30400 30506 30542 30543 30595 30607 30616 30618 30657 30946 31080 31158 31259 31398 31399 31509 31534 31536 31537 31669 31751 31812 31898 32484 32500 32858 32874 32960 32994 33047 33053 33090 33091 33094 33095 33096 33097 33099 33106 33109 33112 33113 33115 33116 33118 33121 33193 33234 33235 33295 33298 33306 33317 33325 33328 33336 33378 33628 33635 33716 33801 33866 33891 33894 33930 33954 33955 33980 34064 34065 34104 34258 34264 34265 34271 34496 34531 34534 34535 34845 34847 34910 34975 35055 35066 35390 35473 35512 35514 35536 35538 35539 35542 35565 35576 35623 35759 35770 35935 35957 36012 36129 36733 36785 36956 36957 36958 37022 37044 37128 37216 37252 37306 37333 37474 37475 37546 37592 37593 37648 37869 37871 37882 37888 37904 37905 37915 37925 37928 37929 37930 37936 38016 38081 38139 38268 38269 38442 38465 38528 38653 38655 39062 39077 39079 39118 39140 39181 39183 39216 39241 39295 39318 39326 39327 39456 39462 39520 39658 39778 39784 39785 39825 39916 39937 40520 40613 40640 40776 40777 40784 40786 40809 40823 40829 40834 41270 41271 41279 41423 41530 41630 41654 41658 41676 41685 41689 41697 41739 41758 41760 41761 41763 41814 41982 42137 42140 42168 42169 42170 42206 42207 42210 42211 42214 42215 42216 42224 42228 42370 42384 42391 42392 42393 42394 42417 42419 42434 42435 42451 42464 42491 42502 42547 42610 42666 42704 42841 42969 42981 42990 42991 43024 43227 43233 43236 43259 43262 43321 43420 43521 43523 43600 43626 43627 43803 43806 43825 43836 43837 43876 43877 43880 43881 43939 43945 43947 43977 44094 44356 44357 44554 44555 44833 44836 44857 44860 44861 44894 45754 45854 45855 45912 45914 45962 45984 46130 46159 46181 46281 46398 46399 46442 46484 46548 46738 46855 46987 47014 47047 47053 47058 47064 47107 47120 47169 47175 47181 47375 47824 47825 47828 47852 47866 48163 48478 48500 48891 49042 491128.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/756/27?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/756/27/table4General source properties and source classificationOF14minCorresponding observation ID of F14minmeta.id;obslongrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSource[837/262284] Unique source identifiermeta.idintprimary2XMMi2XMMi-DR3 Source designation (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Mean source ICRS right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Mean source ICRS declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainePos[0.1/1.1] Mean error on positionarcsecstat.error;posfloatGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoublenH[0.01/2.1] Leiden/Argentine/Bonn Survey of Galactic HI column density1e+22cm**-2phys.columnDensity;pos.galacticfloatNobs[2/37] Number of observationsmeta.numberintDtoTime span of all observationsdtime.expofloatNd[1/36] Number of detections from 2XMMi-DR3meta.numberintDtdTime span of all detections from 2XMMi-DR3dtime.expofloatTypeSource type (1)src.classcharu_Type[AB] The source type category; A=identified, B=candidatemeta.notecharRefReference, mostly on the source typemeta.refcharRefIDSource name/designation in the referencemeta.id.crosscharRefTypeSpectral type and/or object type in the reference (2)src.classcharCharReasons of classifying it as a compact object system (3)meta.codecharX/o? X-ray-to-optical flux ratio logarithm (4)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableX/ir? X-ray-to-IR flux ratio logarithm (4)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableFp/bg? Maximum ratio of flare peak to persistent background; 1.0 if from visual inspectionsrc.var.indexfloatnullableOFp? Correspoding observation ID of the flaremeta.id;obslongnullableF14maxMaximum flux in 0.2-4.5keV band (erg/cm^2^/s)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxdoublee_F14maxError on F14maxmW.m**-2stat.errordoubleOF14maxCorresponding observation ID of F14maxmeta.id;obslongF14minMinimum flux in 0.2-4.5keV bandmW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.mindoublee_F14minError on F14minmW.m**-2stat.errordoublevar14[1/30458] Flux variation factor in 0.2-4.5keV bandsrc.var.amplitudedoubleSvar14Significance of flux variationstat.fit.goodnessfloatF8max? Maximum flux in 0.2-12.0keV bandmW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.maxdoublenullablee_F8max? Error on F8maxmW.m**-2stat.errordoublenullableOF8max? Corresponding observation ID of F8maxmeta.id;obslongnullableF8minMinimum flux in 0.2-12.0keV bandmW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.medium;stat.mindoublee_F8minError on F8minmW.m**-2stat.errordoubleOF8minCorresponding observation ID of F8minmeta.id;obslongvar8[1/24121]? Flux variation factor in 0.2-12.0keV bandsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableSvar8? Significance of flux variationstat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablef_USNOB1? 1 if the optical match is badmeta.codeintnullableUSNOB1? USNO B1.0 Source designation (I/284)meta.id.crosscharDxo[0/59]? Angular separation between the X-ray position and USNOB1 sourcearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableB1mag[-0.2/24.8]? USNOB1 B1 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableR1mag[0/25.5]? USNOB1 R1 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableB2mag[0/25.2]? USNOB1 B2 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableR2mag[0/50]? USNOB1 R2 magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableImag[0/19.6]? USNOB1 I magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablef_2MASS? 1 if the IR match is badmeta.codeintnullable2MASS? 2MASS PSC Source designation (II/246)meta.id.crosscharDxir[0/29]? Angular separation between the X-ray position and 2MASS PSC sourcearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableJmag[-1.5/18.8]? 2MASS J magnitude; 1.2ummagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0/10]? Mean error on J magnitudemagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag[-1.9/17.8]? 2MASS H magnitude; 1.6ummagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0/0.7]? Mean error on H magnitudemagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag[-2.1/17]? 2MASS Ks magnitude; 2.2ummagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0/0.4]? Mean error on Ks magnitudemagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableRC3Name? RC3 Galaxy namemeta.id.crosscharRA3deg? Right ascension (J2000), from RC3 or NEDdegpos.eq.ranullableDE3deg? Declination (J2000), from RC3 or NEDdegpos.eq.decnullableD3[0.1/36585]? Angular separation from the RC3 matcharcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablerD3? Ratio of angular separation to D25 isophote elliptical radiuspos.angDistancefloatnullableDist[0.05/232.2]? Distance to the galaxyMpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableLmax? Maximum 0.2-12.0 keV luminosity (erg/s)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/756/27/table3Source detections and simple fits with an absorbed power lawdof? Degrees of freedomstat.fit.dofintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSource[837/262284] Unique source identifier (SRCID)meta.idintprimaryObsnoObservation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obslongdetID? Unique detection ID (1)meta.idintnullableR1[0/67.2] R1 MOS1-medium-filter equivalent count rate in 0.2-0.5 keVct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_R1Error in R1ct/sstat.errordoubleR2R2 MOS1-medium-filter equivalent count rate in 0.5-1.0 keVct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_R2Error in R2ct/sstat.errordoubleR3R3 MOS1-medium-filter equivalent count rate in 1.0-2.0 keVct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_R3Error in R3ct/sstat.errordoubleR4R4 MOS1-medium-filter equivalent count rate in 2.0-4.5 keVct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_R4Error in R4ct/sstat.errordoubleR5R5 MOS1-medium-filter equivalent count rate in 4.5-12 keVct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublee_R5Error in R5ct/sstat.errordoublechi2[0/92]? Reduced {chi}^2^ of fit with absorbed power law (PL)phys.luminosity;meta.modelledfloatnullableNH[0/20]? Best-fitting column density1e+22cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnullableb_NH? Lower 90% confidence bound of NH1e+22cm**-2stat.fit.paramfloatnullableB_NH? Upper 90% confidence bound of NH1e+22cm**-2stat.fit.paramfloatnullableGamma[-2/10]? Best-fitting PL photon index {Gamma}meta.code;spect.indexfloatnullableb_Gamma[-2/10]? Lower 90% confidence bound of Gammastat.fit.paramfloatnullableB_Gamma[-2/10]? Upper 90% confidence bound of Gammastat.fit.paramfloatnullableFlux? Power law fit 0.2-12 keV fluxmW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullableb_Flux? Lower 90% confidence bound of FluxmW.m**-2phot.fluxdoublenullableB_Flux? Upper 90% confidence bound of FluxmW.m**-2phot.fluxdoublenullable