J/ApJ/755/9ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/755/9doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17550009CDSStevenson K.B.Harrington J.Lust N.B.Lewis N.K.Montagnier G.,Moses J.I.Visscher C.Blecic J.Hardy R.A.Cubillos P.Campo C.J.2014-04-22T12:12:25Z2014-04-08T07:23:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometrysolar-system-planetsmultiple-starsWe report the detection of UCF-1.01, a strong exoplanet candidate with a radius 0.66+/-0.04 times that of Earth (R_{oplus}_). This sub-Earth sized planet transits the nearby M-dwarf star GJ 436 with a period of 1.365862+/-8x10^-6^ days. We also report evidence of a 0.65+/-0.06R_{Earth}_ exoplanet candidate (labeled UCF-1.02) orbiting the same star with an undetermined period. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we measure the dimming of light as the planets pass in front of their parent star to assess their sizes and orbital parameters. If confirmed today, UCF-1.01 and UCF-1.02 would be designated GJ 436c and GJ 436d, respectively, and would be part of the first multiple-transiting-planet system outside of the Kepler field. Assuming Earth-like densities of 5.515g/cm3, we predict both candidates to have similar masses (~0.28M_{oplus}_, 2.6 Mars-masses) and surface gravities of ~0.65g (where g is the gravity on Earth). UCF-1.01's equilibrium temperature (T_eq_, where emitted and absorbed radiation balance for an equivalent blackbody) is 860K, making the planet unlikely to harbor life as on Earth. Its weak gravitational field and close proximity to its host star imply that UCF-1.01 is unlikely to have retained its original atmosphere; however, a transient atmosphere is possible if recent impacts or tidal heating were to supply volatiles to the surface. We also present additional observations of GJ 436b during secondary eclipse. The 3.6{mu}m light curve shows indications of stellar activity, making a reliable secondary eclipse measurement impossible. A second non-detection at 4.5{mu}m supports our previous work in which we find a methane-deficient and carbon monoxide-rich dayside atmosphere.2012ApJ...755....9Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/755/9CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/414/1278 : Eccentricities of transiting planets (Pont+, 2011)J/MNRAS/411/L46 : Exoplanet magnetic fields (Vidotto+, 2011)J/A+A/527/A140 : Mass limits on substellar companions (Reffert+, 2011)J/ApJ/733/68 : Exoplanet masses derived from RVs (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJ/716/1336 : Stability analysis of single-planet (Kopparapu+, 2010)J/ApJ/709/168 : Eccentric orbits in exoplanets (Anglada-Escude+, 2010)J/A+A/507/481 : GJ 436b and XO-1b transits (Caceres+, 2009)J/ApJ/705/1226 : Planet-bearing stars in Spitzer (Bryden+, 2009)J/ApJ/701/1922 : Radio interferometric planet search. I. (Bower+, 2009)J/ApJ/700/L73 : Photospheric fluxes at 24 and 70{mu}m (Kospal+, 2009)J/ApJ/694/1559 : Photometric follow-up obs. of GJ 436b (Shporer+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/L9 : Tidal evolution of transiting exoplanets (Levrard+, 2009)J/ApJ/689/L149 : Gliese 436b transits parameter variations (Coughlin+, 2008)J/A+A/486/1039 : HST transit light curve for GJ436b (Bean+, 2008)J/A+A/475/1125 : Characterization of the hot Neptune GJ 436b (Demory+, 2007)J/A+A/471/L51 : Spitzer obs. of the hot Neptune GJ 436b (Gillon+, 2007)J/ApJ/666/475 : Extrasolar planet taxonomy (Marchi+, 2007)J/ApJ/649/1010 : Habitability of known exoplanetary systems (Jones+, 2006)J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/755/9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/755/9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/755/9https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/755/9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/755/9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/755/9GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapAssociated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/ApJ/755/9InfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/755/9/table1Observation informationDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDur[258/4207] Duration timemintime.durationintExp[0.1/0.4] Frame exposure timespos.frame;obs.field;obs.exposurefloatNFr[36160/588480] Total number of framesmeta.numberintPipeline[S18.18.0] Spitzer pipelinemeta.softwarecharlambda[3.6/8] Observation wavelengthumem.wl;obsfloatRefPrevious publications (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharMJD? MJD date of observation at DCE start (JD-2400000.5) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullableLClight curvemeta.ref.urlcharfitsDownload the corresponding FITS tablemeta.ref.urlcharFileNameName of FITS file in subdirectory fits (2)meta.id;meta.fitschar