J/ApJ/750/113ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/750/113doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17500113CDSFord E.B.Fabrycky D.C.Steffen J.H.Carter J.A.Fressin F.,Holman M.J.Lissauer J.J.Moorhead A.V.Morehead R.C.Ragozzine D.,Rowe J.F.Welsh W.F.Allen C.Batalha N.M.Borucki W.J.Bryson S.T.,Buchhave L.A.Burke C.J.Caldwell D.A.Charbonneau D.Clarke B.D.,Cochran W.D.Desert J.-M.Endl M.Everett M.E.Fischer D.A.,Gautier III T.N.Gilliland R.L.Jenkins J.M.Haas M.R.Horch E.,Howell S.B.Ibrahim K.A.Isaacson H.Koch D.G.Latham D.W.Li J.,Lucas P.MacQueen P.J.Marcy G.W.McCauliff S.Mullally F.R.,Quinn S.N.Quintana E.Shporer A.Still M.Tenenbaum P.Thompson S.E.,Torres G.Twicken J.D.Wohler B.(the Kepler Science Team)2017-10-09T13:34:03Z2014-01-28T15:30:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsWe present a new method for confirming transiting planets based on the combination of transit timing variations (TTVs) and dynamical stability. Correlated TTVs provide evidence that the pair of bodies is in the same physical system. Orbital stability provides upper limits for the masses of the transiting companions that are in the planetary regime. This paper describes a non-parametric technique for quantifying the statistical significance of TTVs based on the correlation of two TTV data sets. We apply this method to an analysis of the TTVs of two stars with multiple transiting planet candidates identified by Kepler. We confirm four transiting planets in two multiple-planet systems based on their TTVs and the constraints imposed by dynamical stability. An additional three candidates in these same systems are not confirmed as planets, but are likely to be validated as real planets once further observations and analyses are possible. If all were confirmed, these systems would be near 4:6:9 and 2:4:6:9 period commensurabilities. Our results demonstrate that TTVs provide a powerful tool for confirming transiting planets, including low-mass planets and planets around faint stars for which Doppler follow-up is not practical with existing facilities. Continued Kepler observations will dramatically improve the constraints on the planet masses and orbits and provide sensitivity for detecting additional non-transiting planets. If Kepler observations were extended to eight years, then a similar analysis could likely confirm systems with multiple closely spaced, small transiting planets in or near the habitable zone of solar-type stars.2012ApJ...750..113Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/750/113CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A150 : SWEETCat I. Stellar parameters for host stars (Santos+, 2013)J/A+A/555/A58 : New Kepler planetary candidates (Ofir+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A119 : Planet-star and moon-planet interaction (Saur+, 2013)J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)J/MNRAS/421/2342 : Kepler systems transit timing observations (Steffen+, 2012)J/MNRAS/420/L23 : Non-resonant Kepler planetary systems (Veras+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/30 : KIC stars effective temperature scale (Pinsonneault+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/24 : The first three quarters of Kepler mission (Tenenbaum+, 2012)J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)J/A+A/529/A89 : Kepler satellite variability study (Debosscher+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's cand. multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/2 : Transit timing observations from Kepler. I. (Ford+, 2011)J/ApJ/742/L19 : Kepler hot rocky planetary candidates (Miguel+, 2011)J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler : MAST Keplerhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/750/113https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/750/113http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/750/113https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/750/113https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/750/113http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/750/113GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/750/113/table1 (Key properties of planets and planet candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/750/113/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/750/113/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/750/113/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true294.218916749.479250.0055555555555555566/14586 15170https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/750/113?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/750/113/table2Transit times for Kepler transiting planet candidates during Q0-6recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKepler Object of interest identifier (1)meta.id;meta.mainfloatn[0/115] Transit numbermeta.numberinttnBarycentric Julian date of transit (BJD-2454900) (2)dtime.epochdoubleTTV[-0.32/0.14] Transit Timing Variationdstat.fit.residualfloate_TTV[0.007/0.09] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in TTVdstat.errorfloatJ/ApJ/750/113/table1Key properties of planets and planet candidatesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchara[0.05/0.2] Semi-major axis (1)AUphys.size.smajAxisfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOI[168.01/1102.04] KOI designationmeta.id;meta.mainfloatprimaryANameKepler designationmeta.idcharEpochEpoch of transit (BJD-2454900)dtime.epochfloatPer[4.2/19] Perioddtime.periodfloatTdur[2.4/6.2] Transit durationhtime.durationfloatRp[1.7/3.2] Planet radius (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnTT[23/103] Number of transit times measured in Q0-6meta.numberintsTT[0.009/0.05] Median timing uncertainty ({sigma}_TT_)dstat.error;em.wl.central;stat.medianfloatrms[0.01/0.06]dstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatMAD[0.009/0.03] Median absolute deviation from linear ephemeris measured during Q0-6dstat.stdevfloatMpm[0.8/2.7]? Planetary maximum mass (M_p,max_) (2)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloatnullableKICDisplay the Kepler planetary candidates. II. Borucki+, Cat. J/ApJ/736/19meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions of host star from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions of host star from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main