J/ApJ/734/67ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/734/67doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17340067CDSMillan-Gabet R.Serabyn E.Mennesson B.Traub W.A.Barry R.K.,Danchi W.C.Kuchner M.Stark C.C.Ragland S.Hrynevych M.Woillez J.,Stapelfeldt K.Bryden G.Colavita M.M.Booth A.J.2018-01-05T08:56:11Z2013-01-07T10:12:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterferometryinfrared-sourcesThe Keck Interferometer Nuller (KIN) was used to survey 25 nearby main-sequence stars in the mid-infrared, in order to assess the prevalence of warm circumstellar (exozodiacal) dust around nearby solar-type stars. The KIN measures circumstellar emission by spatially blocking the star but transmitting the circumstellar flux in a region typically 0.1-4AU from the star. We find one significant detection ({eta} Crv), two marginal detections ({gamma} Oph and {alpha} Aql), and 22 clear non-detections. Using a model of our own solar system's zodiacal cloud, scaled to the luminosity of each target star, we estimate the equivalent number of target zodis needed to match our observations. Our three zodi detections are {eta} Crv (1250+/-260), {gamma} Oph (200+/-80), and {alpha} Aql (600+/-200), where the uncertainties are 1{sigma}. The 22 non-detected targets have an ensemble weighted average consistent with zero, with an average individual uncertainty of 160 zodis (1{sigma}). These measurements represent the best limits to date on exozodi levels for a sample of nearby main-sequence stars. A statistical analysis of the population of 23 stars not previously known to contain circumstellar dust (excluding {eta} Crv and {gamma} Oph) suggests that, if the measurement errors are uncorrelated (for which we provide evidence) and if these 23 stars are representative of a single class with respect to the level of exozodi brightness, the mean exozodi level for the class is <150 zodis (3{sigma} upper limit, corresponding to 99% confidence under the additional assumption that the measurement errors are Gaussian). We also demonstrate that this conclusion is largely independent of the shape and mean level of the (unknown) true underlying exozodi distribution.2011ApJ...734...67Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/734/67CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/130 : Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of Solar neighbourhood III (Holmberg+, 2009)I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)V/89 : Ages, Metallicities, Galactic Orbit of F stars (Marsakov+ 1995)J/ApJS/181/62 : Survey of young solar analogs (Metchev+, 2009)J/ApJ/705/89 : IRS spectra of solar-type stars (Lawler+, 2009)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/ApJ/660/1556 : Characterization of dusty debris disks (Rhee+, 2007)J/ApJ/636/1098 : Debris disks around solar-type stars (Bryden+, 2006)J/ApJ/620/1010 : Spitzer 24{mu}m photometry of A dwarfs (Rieke+, 2005)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/ApJS/152/261 : Chromospheric Ca II emission in nearby stars (Wright+, 2004)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/734/67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/734/67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/734/67https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/734/67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/734/67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/734/67GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/734/67/table1 (Target list)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/734/67/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/734/67/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/734/67/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true25.6237520.26850.0055555555555555566/684 1341 2317 2472 3102 3118 5420 5522 5853 8476 8843 10375 13301 13440 19585 21060 23230 23369 24151 25056 26975 30543 31751 31776 44284https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/734/67?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/734/67/table4Number of zodis for each observation and each zodi disk orientationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.mainDateUT date of the observationtime.epoch;obsnullableHAHour Anglehpos.eq.hafloatiDisk inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatPADisk position angledegpos.posAngfloatzij"Leak" measured in zodis (G1) (1)stat.fit.paraminte_zijUncertainty in zodis from formal error in leak (G1)stat.errorintsigjUncertainty in zodis from external error in leak (G1)stat.errorintsig*Uncertainty in zodis from the error in stellar leak (G1)stat.errorintRhlHalf-light radiusAUphys.size.radiusfloatJ/ApJ/734/67/table1Target listrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.mainprimaryHIPHipparcos designationmeta.idintSpTMK spectral type (1)src.spTypecharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmagV-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatJmagJ-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatKmagK-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatNN band (8.0-13.0um) flux from KIN (Keck Interferometer Nuller)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatDistStar distance (1)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatR*Star radius (1)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatL*Star luminosity (1)solLumphys.luminosityfloatT*Star temperature (1)Kphys.temperatureintthetaApparent iameter {theta} from NExScI/fBol (validated with surface brightness relations)masphys.angSizefloate_thetatheta uncertaintymasstat.error;pos.posAngfloatAge? Age or lower limit in age if range givenGyrtime.agefloatnullabler_Age? Age reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableAge2? Upper limit in age if range givenGyrtime.age;stat.maxfloatnullableRHzRadius of the center of the habitable zoneAUphys.size.radiusfloatCommCommentmeta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refcharJ/ApJ/734/67/table3Log of observations and calibrated leak data (wideband channel 8-9 microns)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.mainDateUT date of the observationtime.epoch;obsnullableHAHour Anglehpos.eq.hafloatuThe u long baseline spatial frequencyminstr.paramfloatvThe v long baseline spatial frequencyminstr.paramfloatLcalMeasured calibrated leak (G1)stat.fit.paramdoublee_LcalFormal uncertainty in Lcalstat.errordoublesigLExternal uncertainty in Lcalstat.errordoubleL*Leak expected from target star (G1)stat.fit.paramdoublee_L*Uncertainty in L*stat.errordouble