J/ApJ/731/8ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/731/8doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17310008CDSKraus A.L.Ireland M.J.Martinache F.Hillenbrand L.A.2017-11-28T13:21:55Z2012-11-21T09:10:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starsmultiple-starsstellar-massesstellar-spectral-typesphotometryWe have conducted a high-resolution imaging study of the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region in order to characterize the primordial outcome of multiple star formation and the extent of the brown dwarf desert. Our survey identified 16 new binary companions to primary stars with masses of 0.25-2.5M_{sun}_, raising the total number of binary pairs (including components of high-order multiples) with separations of 3-5000AU to 90. We find that ~2/3-3/4 of all Taurus members are multiple systems of two or more stars, while the other ~1/4-1/3 appear to have formed as single stars; the distribution of high-order multiplicity suggests that fragmentation into a wide binary has no impact on the subsequent probability that either component will fragment again. The separation distribution for solar-type stars (0.7-2.5M_{sun}_) is nearly log-flat over separations of 3-5000AU, but lower-mass stars (0.25-0.7M_{sun}_) show a paucity of binary companions with separations of >~200AU. Across this full mass range, companion masses are well described with a linear-flat function; all system mass ratios (q=M_B_/M_A_) are equally probable, apparently including substellar companions. Our results are broadly consistent with the two expected modes of binary formation (free-fall fragmentation on large scales and disk fragmentation on small scales), but the distributions provide some clues as to the epochs at which the companions are likely to form.2011ApJ...731....8Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/731/8CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/297 : NOMAD Catalog (Zacharias+ 2005)J/ApJ/703/1511 : Wide binaries in Taurus and Upper Sco (Kraus+, 2009)J/PASJ/60/209 : Faint companions around YSOs in TMC (Itoh+, 2008)J/ApJ/662/413 : 2MASS survey of wide multiplicity in 3 associations (Kraus+,J/AJ/132/2665 : QUEST2 BRI photometry of Taurus-Auriga PMS (Slesnick+, 2006)J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of BDs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)J/AJ/129/2294 : RVs of weak-lines T Tauri stars (Massarotti+, 2005)J/ApJ/593/1093 : IC 348 membership (Luhman+, 2003)J/A+A/369/249 : T Tauri binary systems orbital motion (Woitas+, 2001)J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/731/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/731/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/731/8https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/731/8https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/731/8http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/731/8GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/731/8/table1 (Stars in Taurus-Auriga with SpType <=M4)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/731/8/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/731/8/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/731/8/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true62.032583328.12444440.0055555555555555565/270 292 5887 6/336 342 1029 1031 1037 1039 1040 1042 1047 1048 1050 1051 1052 1054 1063 1073 1074 1075 1078 1111 1114 1115 1123 1124 1136 1156 1159 1164 1176 1199 23543 24198 24201 24203 24232 24294 24295 243008.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/731/8?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/731/8/table1Stars in Taurus-Auriga with SpType <=M4BSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClassClassification (Observed Members, Other Stars Observed, or Not Reobserved)meta.notecharNameObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_Name[b] spectroscopic binary (1)meta.codecharCSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000[3/5] 2MASS Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[16/32] 2MASS Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharRmag[7/19.3]? NOMAD R band magnitude; Zacharias+ 2004, Cat. I/297 (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableKsmag[4.23/12.5] 2MASS Ks band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatGroupGroup (3)meta.idcharRef? Reference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableJ/ApJ/731/8/table2Observed groupsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateObservation season (Fall 2007 or Fall 2008)time.epochcharGroupGroup identifiermeta.idcharTelTelescope (Keck or Palomar (Pal))meta.id;instr.telcharFiltFilter (Lp, Kp, Ks or Hc)meta.id;instr.filtercharMJD[54427.3/54823.5] MJD epoch of the observationdtime.epochfloatStarsTarget star identifiersmeta.idcharJ/ApJ/731/8/table4Companion detection limitsNamePrimary namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTelTelescope used (Keck or Palomar)instr.setupcharFiltFilter used (Lp, Kp, Ks or Hc)instr.setup;instr.filtercharEpoch[54427.3/54823.5] MJD epoch of the observationdtime.epoch;obsfloatd10-20Differential magnitude at {rho}=10-20mas (1)magphot.magfloatd20-40Differential magnitude at {rho}=20-40mas (1)magphot.magfloatd40-80Differential magnitude at {rho}=40-80mas (1)magphot.magfloatd80-160Differential magnitude at {rho}=80-160mas (1)magphot.magfloatd160-240Differential magnitude at {rho}=160-240mas (1)magphot.magfloatd240-320Differential magnitude at {rho}=240-320mas (1)magphot.magfloatJ/ApJ/731/8/table5Derived properties for class II/III binaries in TaurusNameName as it appears in table1meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintName1Primary namemeta.id;meta.maincharName2Secondary namemeta.id.assoccharM1Primary mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatf_M2[r] r : SMass calculated from PMass and q (1)meta.codecharM2Secondary mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatqMass ratio M2/M1 (2)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatSepProjected physical separation (3)AUpos.angDistancefloatTypeq type (2)meta.noteRefReference (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;pos.frameintJ/ApJ/731/8/table6Compiled detection limits for companionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePrimary namemeta.id;meta.maincharMassMasssolMassphys.massfloatd13.8Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=13.8masinstr.sensitivityfloatd17.3Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=17.3masinstr.sensitivityfloatd21.8Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=21.8masinstr.sensitivityfloatd27.5Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=27.5masinstr.sensitivityfloatd34.6Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=34.6masinstr.sensitivityfloatd43.5Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=43.5masinstr.sensitivityfloatd54.8Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=54.8masinstr.sensitivityfloatd69.0Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=69.0masinstr.sensitivityfloatd86.8Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=86.8masinstr.sensitivityfloatd138Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=138masinstr.sensitivityfloatd218Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=218masinstr.sensitivityfloatd346Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=346masinstr.sensitivityfloatd690Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=690masinstr.sensitivityfloatd1376Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=1376masinstr.sensitivityfloatd2746Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=2746masinstr.sensitivityfloatd5478Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=5478masinstr.sensitivityfloatd10930Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=10930masinstr.sensitivityfloatd27455Detection limit, m_s_/m_p_, for {rho}=27455masinstr.sensitivityfloatRefReference(s) (see refs.dat file) (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/ApJ/731/8/refsReferencesAutAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharRefReference code numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryCommCommentmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint