J/ApJ/727/114ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/727/114doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17270114CDSRoy A.Ade P.A.R.Bock J.J.Chapin E.L.Devlin M.J.Dicker S.R.,France K.Gibb A.G.Griffin M.Gundersen J.O.Halpern M.,Hargrave P.C.Hughes D.H.Klein J.Marsden G.Martin P.G.Mauskopf P.,Morales Ortiz J.L.Netterfield C.B.Noriega-Crespo A.Olmi L.,Patanchon G.Rex M.Scott D.Semisch C.Truch M.D.P.Tucker C.,Tucker G.S.Viero M.P.Wiebe D.V.2017-12-06T07:38:15Z2012-10-10T12:53:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediuminfrared-sourcesh-ii-regionsmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyWe present Cygnus X in a new multi-wavelength perspective based on an unbiased BLAST survey at 250, 350, and 500um, combined with rich data sets for this well-studied region. Our primary goal is to investigate the early stages of high-mass star formation. We have detected 184 compact sources in various stages of evolution across all three BLAST bands. From their well-constrained spectral energy distributions, we obtain the physical properties mass, surface density, bolometric luminosity, and dust temperature. Some of the bright sources reaching 40K contain well-known compact HII regions. We relate these to other sources at earlier stages of evolution via the energetics as deduced from their position in the luminosity-mass (L-M) diagram. The BLAST spectral coverage, near the peak of the spectral energy distribution of the dust, reveals fainter sources too cool (~10K) to be seen by earlier shorter-wavelength surveys like IRAS. We detect thermal emission from infrared dark clouds and investigate the phenomenon of cold "starless cores" more generally. Spitzer images of these cold sources often show stellar nurseries, but these potential sites for massive star formation are "starless" in the sense that to date there is no massive protostar in a vigorous accretion phase.2011ApJ...727..114Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/727/114CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/58 : A Survey of Radio H II Regions in the Northern Sky (Lockman+ 1989)J/A+A/543/A101 : Cygnus new members of massive stellar pop. (Comeron+, 2012)J/A+A/527/A135 : Gas dynamics in Massive Dense Cores in Cyg-X (Csengeri+, 2011)J/ApJ/720/679 : Optical spectroscopy in Cygnus X region (Beerer+, 2010)J/A+A/510/A89 : RMS survey of young massive stars in far-IR (Mottram+, 2010)J/other/Nat/458.737 : BLAST sources at 250, 350 and 500um (Devlin+, 2009)J/ApJ/681/428 : BLAST sources in Galactic plane survey (Chapin+, 2008)J/ApJS/175/277 : Submillimeter-Continuum SCUBA detections (Di Francesco+, 2008)J/A+A/481/345 : SED evolution in massive YSOs (Molinari+, 2008)J/A+A/476/1243 : Millimeter continuum mapping of Cygnus X (Motte+, 2007)J/A+A/445/971 : Mid-infrared images of W75N (Persi+, 2006)J/A+A/375/539 : Photometry of compact HII regions in Cyg X (Comeron+, 2001)J/ApJS/95/419 : Molecular clouds in Cygnus. I. (Dobashi+ 1994)J/ApJS/91/659 : Ultracompact HII regions radio images (Kurtz+ 1994)J/A+A/241/551 : Radio continuum in Cygnus X region (Wendker+ 1991)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/727/114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/727/114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/727/114https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/727/114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/727/114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/727/114GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/727/114/table1 (Measured flux densities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/727/114/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/727/114/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/727/114/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true307.73900439.7132860.0055555555555555566/14667 14670 14671 14682 14683 14689 14691 14692 14693 14694 14704 14705 147061.6553710550405622e-22 2.483060040379131e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/727/114?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/727/114/table1Measured flux densitiesS100? Flux density at 100umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDBLAST identification (CNNN)meta.idcharprimaryBLASTSource name (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latS1200? Flux density at 1200umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullableS850? Flux density at 850umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullableS500Flux density at 500umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloate_S500S500 uncertaintyJystat.errorfloatS450? Flux density at 450umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatnullableS350Flux density at 350umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S350S350 uncertaintyJystat.errorfloatS250Flux density at 250umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S250S250 uncertaintyJystat.errorfloatl_S100[a] a: S100 is an upper limitmeta.code.errorcharS60? Flux density at 60umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablel_S60[a] a: s60 is an upper limitmeta.code.errorcharXSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharDSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJ/727/114/table3Structures observed at 1.2mm associated with BLAST clumpsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDBLAST identification (CNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharCoreCore(s) identification (WNN) (1)meta.id.assoccharClumpClump identification (Cl-WNN) (1)meta.id.assoccharSigcoSurface density of the core (1)g.cm**-2phot.flux.density.sbfloatSigcl? Surface density of the clump (1)g.cm**-2phot.flux.density.sbfloatnullableJ/ApJ/727/114/table4Results from SED fitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDBLAST identification (CNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharf_ID[a] Distance differs from Cyg OB2 (1)meta.codecharTTemperatureKphys.temperaturefloate_TT uncertaintyKstat.errorfloatMassMass100solMassphys.massfloate_MassMass uncertainty100solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatSigmaSurface column densityg.cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatLTotal luminosity100solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloate_LL uncertainty100solLumstat.errorfloatLbol? Bolometric luminosity100solLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableJ/ApJ/727/114/table5Compact HII regions and protostarsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDBLAST identification (CNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharf_ID[b] b: M and L corrected for distance (see Section 4.2)meta.codecharTTemperatureKphys.temperatureintMassMass100solMassphys.massfloatLTotal luminosity100solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloatNameSource name (IRAS or WNN from Motte et al. 2007, Cat. J/A+A/476/1243)meta.id.assoccharMAMBOMAMBO 1.2mm class (1)meta.code.classcharFig? Figure number of the images containing individual sourcesmeta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/727/114/table6MSX counterpartsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDBLAST identification (CNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharoRAOffset in right ascension of MSX source with respect to BLAST counterpartarcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEOffset in declination of MSX source with respect to BLAST counterpartarcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatS8Flux density at 8umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatS12Flux density at 12umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatS14Flux density at 14umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatS25Flux density at 25umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloat