J/ApJ/719/1104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/719/1104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17191104CDSRahman M.Murray N.2017-06-02T08:37:22Z2012-07-09T08:14:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsinterstellar-mediuminfrared-sourcesWe examine the 13 most luminous sources in the WMAP free-free map using the Spitzer GLIMPSE and Midcourse Space Experiment surveys to identify massive star formation complexes, emitting one-third of the Galactic free-free luminosity. We identify star-forming complexes (SFCs) by a combination of bubble morphology in 8um emission and radio recombination line radial velocities. We find 40 SFCs associated with our WMAP sources and determine unique distances up to 31. We interpret the bubbles as evidence for radial expansion. The radial velocity distribution for each source allows us to measure the intrinsic speed of a complex's expansion. This speed is consistent with the size and age of the bubbles. The high free-free luminosities, combined with negligible synchrotron emission, demonstrate that the bubbles are not driven by supernovae. The kinetic energy of the largest bubbles is a substantial fraction of that measured in the older superbubbles found by Heiles. We find that the energy injected into the interstellar medium by our bubbles is similar to that required to maintain turbulent motion in the gas disk inside 8kpc. We report a number of new SFCs powered by massive (M_*_>10^4^M_{sun}_) star clusters. We measure the scale height of the Galactic O stars to be h_*_=35+/-5pc. We determine an empirical relationship between the 8um and free-free emission of the form F_8um_{propto}F^2^_ff_. Finally, we find that the bubble geometry is more consistent with a spherical shell rather than a flattened disk.2010ApJ...719.1104Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/719/1104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)V/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)VIII/58 : A Survey of Radio H II Regions in the Northern Sky (Lockman+ 1989)J/ApJ/709/424 : HII regions identified with WMAPS and GLIMPSE (Murray+, 2010)J/ApJS/180/283 : WMAP five-year source catalog (Wright+, 2009)J/ApJ/670/428 : Bubbles in the galactic disk. II. (Churchwell+, 2007)J/ApJS/165/338 : Radio recombination lines in HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)J/A+A/432/737 : General Catalogue of 6.7GHz Methanol Masers (Pestalozzi+,J/ApJS/154/553 : Inner galaxy massive star formation regions (Sewilo+, 2004)J/ApJ/582/756 : Velocities of HII regions (Kolpak+, 2003)J/MNRAS/291/261 : Methanol maser of IRAS-selected sources (Walsh+ 1997)J/A+AS/115/81 : A CS(2-1) survey of UC HII regions (Bronfman+, 1996)J/A+AS/101/153 : Galactic H2O masers (Palagi+ 1993)J/A+A/171/261 : Radio Recombination Lines of Southern HII Regions (Caswell+https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/719/1104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/719/1104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/719/1104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/719/1104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/719/1104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/719/1104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/719/1104/table3 (Bubble-like objects associated with the star-forming complexes)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.23146-20.080240.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/719/1104/table4 (H II region velocities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.3591-20.42770.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/719/1104/sfcdata (Star-forming complex parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/sfcdata?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/sfcdata?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/719/1104/sfcdata?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.37919-20.339840.0055555555555555565/10453 10556 6/29090 29091 29097 29532 29533 29535 30218 30219 30241 30256 30259 30262 30268 30269 30312 30318 30319 30330 30405 30417 30420 30422 30692 30694 30695 37343 37364 37365 37921 37922 37923 37924 37926 38026 41681 41682 41683 42169 42171 42172 42214 42215 42230 43017 43018 43019https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/719/1104?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/719/1104/table3Bubble-like objects associated with the star-forming complexesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/48] Running sequence number (<[RM2010] Bubble NN> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainintGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latamaj[0.3/26.1] Semi-major axisarcminphys.angSize;srcfloatbminSemi-minor axisarcminphys.angSize.sminAxisfloatPA[-76/90] Position angledegpos.posAngintSFC[2/40] Associated Star-Forming complex from table 2meta.idint<R>Mean radius using the distances to the associated SFCs (1)pcmeta.id.assoc;pos.distance;phys.size.radiusfloat<R2>? Second mean radius from the far distance (1)pcpos.distance;phys.size.radius;stat.meanfloatnullableClass[BC] Morphology classification flag ((C)losed or (B)roken bubble)meta.code.classcharC06GLIMPSE bubble identification (from Churchwell et al. 2006, Cat. J/ApJ/649/759; <[CPA2006] WNNN> in Simbad)meta.id.crosschar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJ/719/1104/table4H II region velocitiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSFC[1/40] Associated Star Forming Complexmeta.id.parentintNameH II Region namemeta.idcharGLONGalactic Longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic Latitudedegpos.galactic.latVLSRVelocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatr_VLSRReference for Velocity (see refs.dat file)meta.ref;phys.veloc;pos.frameint_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/ApJ/719/1104/refsReferencesBibCodeBibcodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAuthAuthor's name(s)meta.bib.authorcharCommCommentmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.note;meta.mainintprimaryJ/ApJ/719/1104/sfcdataStar-forming complex parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSFC[1/40] Star-forming complex number (<[RM2010] SFC NN> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainintprimaryGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latsmajSemi-major axis of the complexarcminphys.angSize;srcfloatsminSemi-minor axis of the complexarcminphys.angSize.sminAxisfloatPA[-60/90] Position angle of the complexdegpos.posAngintVLSRMedian LSR velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrintDelVm? Measured half-spread of velocitykm/sphys.veloc.dispersionintnullableDelVc? Corrected half-spread of velocitykm/sphys.veloc.dispersionintnullableDistDistance to the complex or near distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatDistf? Far distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullable<R>Mean radius of the sourcepcphys.size.radius;stat.meanint<R>2? Second mean radiuspcphys.size.radius;stat.meanintnullabletdyn? Dynamical age of the complex given the velocity spreadMyrphys.veloc;pos.parallax.dynfloatnullabletdyn2? Second dynamical ageMyrpos.parallax.dynfloatnullableRef? KDA reference (see refs.dat file) (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablelogMshThe mass swept up in the shelllog(solMass)phys.massfloatlogEkThe kinetic energy of the swept up shell in erglog(1e-07J)phys.energyfloatlogLmThe mechanical luminosity produced by the motion of the shell in erg/slog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatBBubble-like object associatedmeta.idintnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data)degpos.eq.decnullableindexed