J/ApJ/703/420ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/703/420doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.17030420CDSMassey P.Silva D.R.Levesque E.M.Plez B.Olsen K.A.G.Clayton G.C.,Meynet G.Maeder A.2017-11-29T11:48:52Z2011-11-17T13:01:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsradial-velocityinfrared-photometryspectrophotometryapparent-magnitudegalaxiessurveysRed supergiants (RSGs) are a short-lived stage in the evolution of moderately massive stars (10-25M_{sun}_), and as such their location in the H-R diagram provides an exacting test of stellar evolutionary models. Since massive star evolution is strongly affected by the amount of mass loss a star suffers, and since the mass-loss rates depend upon metallicity, it is highly desirable to study the physical properties of these stars in galaxies of various metallicities. Here we identify a sample of RSGs in M31, the most metal-rich of the Local Group galaxies. We determine the physical properties of these stars using both moderate resolution spectroscopy and broadband V-K photometry. We find that on average the RSGs of our sample are variable in V by 0.5mag, smaller but comparable to the 0.9mag found for Magellanic Cloud (MC) RSGs. No such variability is seen at K, also in accord with what we know of Galactic and MC RSGs.2009ApJ...703..420Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/703/420CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/236 : UBVR CCD survey of the Magellanic clouds (Massey+, 2002)J/ApJ/687/230 : Survey of M31 with Spitzer (Mould+, 2008)J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in seven Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+,J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/ApJ/501/153 : VRB photometry of red supergiants (Massey 1998)J/AJ/96/1884 : BVRJHK photometry of M31 red supergiants (Humphreys+ 1988)J/MNRAS/289/729 : BVRIJHK photometry of red LMC supergiants (Oestreicher+ 1997)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/703/420https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/703/420http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/703/420https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/703/420https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/703/420http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/703/420GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/703/420/table1 (Photometrically selected RSG candidates in M31)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/703/420/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/703/420/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/703/420/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.265166740.33747220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/703/420/table6 (Derived bolometric luminosities for RSGs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/703/420/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/703/420/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/703/420/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.2690417-73.09102780.0055555555555555566/1111 1447 1449 1803 2619 2622 2623 2666 2667 2705 2708 2709 2752 2940 3043 3253 3256 3257 3258 3262 3272 3275 3324 3608 3609 3621 3622 3632 14007 14110 14264 14295 14302 14316 14319 14357 14617 14619 14623 14644 14689 15577 15650 20761 23983 24336 24486 24497 28807 28872 30631 33054 33076 33077 33094 33097 33098 33100 33101 33112 33295 33304 33306 33316 33317 33328 37337 37901 37927 37928 37929 37930 38016 38022 38024 39776 39864 41704 421537.952274030004205e-20 3.852589004194616e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/703/420?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/703/420/table1Photometrically selected RSG candidates in M31recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[MSL2009]Star identification (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_[MSL2009]Simbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharVmagLGGS V band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatB-VLGGS (B-V) color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatV-RLGGS (V-R) color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.RfloatR-I? LGGS (R-I) color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.IfloatnullableKsmag? 2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullabler_Ksmag? Reference for Ksmag: 1=2MASS, 2=this workmeta.ref;pos.frameintnullableV-K? (V-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.IR.Kfloatnullabler_V-K? Reference for V-K (2)meta.ref;phot.color;em.opt.VintnullableRV? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullabler_RV? Reference for RVel (1: this work or 2: Massey, 1998, Cat. J/ApJ/501/153)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableCrowd[0/3] Crowding code (3)meta.codeintOIDOther identification (4)meta.idcharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpT? Reference for SpT (5)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableLGGSDisplay the LGGS data from Massey et al. 2006 (Cat. J/AJ/131/2478)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RAPositions from LGGS in Massey et al. 2006 (Cat. J/AJ/131/2478) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from LGGS in Massey et al. 2006 (Cat. J/AJ/131/2478) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/703/420/table2New Radial Velocities (RV) of photometrically selected RSG candidatesNobsNumber of observationsmeta.numberintl_SigLimit flag on Sigmeta.code.errorcharf_RV[c] Problem on RV (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[MSL2009]Star designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharf_[MSL2009][b] b: Crowdedmeta.codecharRVObserved radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatSigStandard deviations of RV meanskm/sstat.errorfloatX/RX/R quantity (2)pos.angDistancefloatRVrotRadial velocity from rotating modelskm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintOIDPrevious identification (3)meta.idcharRVp? Previous observed RV (3)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableSpTpPrevious MK spectral type (3)src.spTypecharSpTnNew MK spectral typesrc.spTypecharJ/ApJ/703/420/table3New Ks photometry and comparison with 2MASS PSCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[MSL2009]Star designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharKsmagFLAMINGOS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagKsmag standard deviation of the meanmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloato_KsmagNumber of frames N used to measure Ksmeta.numberintKs2M? 2MASS Johnson Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ks2M? Ks2M uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatnullableDelKs? {Delta}Ks: Ksmag minus the Ks2Mmagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_DelKs? Total uncertainty (the sum of the two errors added in quadrature)magstat.errorfloatnullableNSig? Sigma difference between this work and 2MASS (1)stat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJ/703/420/table4New V photometry and comparison with LGGSrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[MSL2009]Star designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharVmagV-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VmagVmag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatf_Vmag[b] b: affected by crowding at the 0.02-0.05mag levelmeta.codecharo_VmagNumber of observationsmeta.numberintVprevLGGS V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VprevVprev uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatDelVNew Vmag minus the LGGS V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatf_DelV[b] b: affected by crowding at the 0.02-0.05mag levelmeta.codechare_DelVDelV uncertaintymagstat.errorfloatf_e_DelV[b] b: affected by crowding at the 0.02-0.05mag levelmeta.codecharNSigSigma difference between this work and LGGSstat.errorfloatf_NSig[b] b: affected by crowding at the 0.02-0.05mag levelmeta.codecharJ/ApJ/703/420/table5Physical properties of stars with spectrophotometrySpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[MSL2009]Star identification (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharf_[MSL2009][e] e: hot companion?meta.codecharVmagV band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatf_Vmag[f] f: from LGGSmeta.codecharKsmagKs band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatf_Ksmag[d] d: from 2MASSmeta.codecharAVV-band extinction (2)magphys.absorption;em.opt.Vfloatu_AV[:] Uncertainty flag on AV (2)meta.code.errorcharVMAGAbsolute V-band magnitude (M_V_) (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatTeffEffective temperature (4)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintu_Teff[:] Uncertainty flag on Teff (4)meta.code.error;phys.temperature.effectivecharloggMModel surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatloggCComputed surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;meta.modelledfloatR1Stellar radius from V band (5)solRadphys.size.radiusintMbol1Bolometric magnitude from VMAGmagphys.magAbs.bolfloatR2Stellar radius from K band (5)solRadphys.size.radiusintMbol2Bolometric magnitude from KMAGmagphys.magAbs.bolfloatKMAGAbsolute K-band magnitude from (V-K)_0_magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatTeff2Effective temperature from (V-K)_0_Kphys.temperature.effectiveintR3Stellar radius from (V-K)_0_ (5)solRadphys.size.radiusintMbolBolometric magnitude from (V-K)_0_ at a distance of 0.76Mpcmagphys.magAbs.bolfloatJ/ApJ/703/420/table6Derived bolometric luminosities for RSGsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalGalaxy name (LMC, M31, MW or SMC)meta.id.parentcharNameStar identificationmeta.id;meta.maincharSpTMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharAVV band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintVMAGAbsolute V band magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.opt.VfloatR1Radius from V band magnitudesolRadphys.size.radiusintL1Bolometric luminosity from V band magnitudelog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatKMAG? Absolute K band magnitudemagphys.magAbs;em.IR.KfloatnullableR2? Radius from K band magnitudesolRadphys.size.radiusintnullableL2? Bolometric luminosity from K band magnitudelog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.refchar_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main