J/ApJ/699/603ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/699/603doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.16990603CDSAjello M.Costamante L.Sambruna R.M.Gehrels N.Chiang J.Rau A.,Escala A.Greiner J.Tueller J.Wall J.V.Mushotzky R.F.2017-06-12T08:24:54Z2011-07-20T09:16:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsquasarsx-ray-sourcessurveysactive-galactic-nucleiWe use three years of data from the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) survey to select a complete sample of X-ray blazars above 15keV. This sample comprises 26 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 12 BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects detected over a redshift range of 0.03<z<4.0. We use this sample to determine, for the first time in the 15-55keV band, the evolution of blazars. We find that, contrary to the Seyfert-like active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by BAT, the population of blazars shows strong positive evolution. This evolution is comparable to the evolution of luminous optical quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) and luminous X-ray-selected AGNs. We also find evidence for an epoch dependence of the evolution as determined previously for radio-quiet AGNs. We interpret both these findings as a strong link between accretion and jet activity. In our sample, the FSRQs evolve strongly, while our best fit shows that BL Lac objects might not evolve at all. The blazar population accounts for 10%-20% (depending on the evolution of the BL Lac objects) of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) in the 15-55keV band. We find that FSRQs can explain the entire CXB emission for energies above 500 keV solving the mystery of the generation of the MeV background. The evolution of luminous FSRQs shows a peak in redshift (z_c_=4.3+/-0.5) which is larger than the one observed in QSOs and X-ray-selected AGNs. We argue that FSRQs can be used as tracers of massive elliptical galaxies in the early universe.2009ApJ...699..603Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/699/603CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/258 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Ed.) (Veron+ 2010)IX/32 : ROSAT Bright Survey (Fischer+, 1998-2000)J/A+A/510/A48 : Palermo Swift-BAT Hard X-ray Catalogue (Cusumano+, 2010)J/A+A/524/A64 : The 54-month Palermo BAT-survey catalogue (Cusumano+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/378 : Hard X-ray survey from Swift-BAT 2004-2006 (Tueller+, 2010)J/ApJS/183/46 : Fermi/LAT bright gamma-ray source list (0FGL) (Abdo+, 2009)J/A+A/495/691 : Multifrequency catalogue of blazars, Roma-BZCAT (Massaro+,J/ApJ/681/113 : Swift BAT survey of AGNs (Tueller+, 2008)J/ApJ/678/102 : BAT X-ray survey. I. (Ajello+, 2008)J/ApJS/175/97 : CGRaBS: survey of {gamma}-ray blazar candidates (Healey+,J/ApJ/633/L77 : SWIFT/BAT detections of AGN (Markwardt+, 2005)J/ApJS/123/79 : Third EGRET catalog (3EG) (Hartman+, 1999)J/A+AS/131/303 : GHz-Peaked-Spectrum radio sources (Stanghellini+ 1998)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/699/603https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/699/603http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/699/603https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/699/603https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/699/603http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/699/603GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/699/603/sample (Blazars and Seyferts and radio galaxies detected by BAT sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/699/603/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/699/603/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/699/603/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.61710.9350.0055555555555555566/611 615 815 893 941 953 1546 1583 1919 2132 2221 2273 2564 4027 4439 4488 4540 4834 5149 5423 5975 5976 5989 5990 6014 6097 6167 6212 6466 6752 6920 6977 7166 7184 7246 7361 7424 7628 7642 7709 7869 7921 7969 8029 8071 8299 8921 8922 9005 9375 9612 9733 9894 10118 10348 10599 10630 10707 10847 10912 10925 10927 10977 10984 11006 11158 11382 11416 11490 11898 12025 13511 13707 13720 13832 14858 15351 15969 16184 16301 16333 16447 16690 17075 17408 17448 17525 17727 17749 17754 17795 17814 17837 18365 18484 18524 18624 18683 18794 19070 19283 19367 19398 19566 19622 19767 19883 19940 20000 20079 20099 20156 20201 20379 20489 20538 20556 20657 21036 21237 21450 21785 21967 21996 22626 22708 22890 22975 23167 23323 24842 25035 25182 25302 25610 25907 25965 26131 26148 26292 26393 26547 26650 26861 27382 27699 27721 27767 27976 28075 28081 28259 28275 28350 28517 28535 28538 28563 28595 28639 29795 31158 32961 33034 33164 33398 33716 33924 33930 34065 34099 34104 34264 34294 34318 34412 34531 34669 34730 34881 34913 35049 35184 35246 35284 35447 35608 35623 35899 36005 36015 36158 36210 36257 36342 36765 36785 36786 36896 37388 38268 38653 38704 38868 38948 39485 40221 40258 40410 40819 40838 43262 43634 43677 43803 43860 43877 44017 44507 44551 44660 44908 45222 45500 45735 45782 45883 45985 46055 46101 46442 46615 46831 46987 47016 47047 47120 47154 47169 47245 48610 49001 49042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/699/603?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/699/603/sampleBlazars and Seyferts and radio galaxies detected by BAT samplezRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSWIFTSWIFT name (JHHMM.m+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharSetSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainFluxFlux in the 15-55keV energy band (in 10^-15^erg/cm^2^/s)aW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_FluxFlux uncertaintyaW.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxfloatS/NSignal to noise ratiostat.snrfloatONameSimbad other name (1)meta.idcharOTypeObject type (2)src.classcharBAT?[y ] y for detected by the BAT 22 month survey (only for table 5) (3)meta.codecharGamma? X-ray photon index (only for table 2)meta.code;spect.index;em.X-rayfloatnullablee_Gamma? Photon index uncertainty (only for table 2)stat.errorfloatnullable3EG?[y ] (only for table 2) (4)meta.codecharLAT?[y ] (only for table 2) (5)meta.codecharRefReference (only for table 2) (6)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSchar