J/ApJ/688/418ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/688/418doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.16880418CDSGetman K.V.Feigelson E.D.Broos P.S.Micela G.Garmire G.P.2017-09-22T16:15:43Z2011-01-26T14:28:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterspre-main-sequence-starsx-ray-sourcesinfrared-photometryPre-main-sequence (PMS) stars are known to produce powerful X-ray flares, which resemble magnetic reconnection solar flares scaled by factors up to 104. However, there are numerous puzzles, including the structure of X-ray-emitting coronae and magnetospheres, the effects of protoplanetary disks, and the effects of stellar rotation. To investigate these issues in detail, we examine 216 of the brightest flares from 161 PMS stars observed in the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP, Getman et al. Cat. J/ApJS/160/319). The current study (Paper I) examines the flare morphologies, and provides a general comparison of COUP flare characteristics with those of other active X-ray stars and the Sun.2008ApJ...688..418Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/688/418CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/574/258 : X-ray-emitting young stars in the Orion nebula (Feigelson+,J/PASJ/55/653 : Chandra X-ray flares in rho Ophiuchi (Imanishi+, 2003)J/ApJS/160/319 : COUP: observations and source lists (Getman+, 2005)J/ApJS/160/353 : Membership of the Orion nebula population (Getman+, 2005)J/ApJS/160/450 : X-ray emission in Orion Nebula young stars (Flaccomio+, 2005)J/A+A/474/495 : X-ray flares from Cygnus OB2 young stars (Albacete Colombo+,https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/688/418https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/688/418http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/688/418https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/688/418https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/688/418http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/688/418GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/688/418/table3 (COUP star properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/688/418/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/688/418/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/688/418/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.6656833-5.40707220.0055555555555555566/21438 21439 22804 228058.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/688/418?format=asciiX-rayInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/688/418/table3COUP star propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCOUPCOUP source number (1)meta.id;meta.mainintprimaryNCSource net counts (1)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintbgBackground counts in source region (1)ctinstr.background;obs.fieldintMESource's X-ray median energy (1)keVphys.energy;stat.medianfloatNHSource's inferred column density (1)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatJmag? 2MASS J-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag2MASS H-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag2MASS Ks-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatQualIR source and quality flag (1)meta.code.qualchard(H-K)? IR color excess (2)magphot.color.excessfloatnullable3.6mag? IR 3.6 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag? Error in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag? IR 4.5 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag? Error in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullableMass? Stellar mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatnullableRad? Stellar radius (1)1e+08mphys.size.radiusfloatnullablePer? Stellar rotation period (3)dtime.periodfloatnullableRcor? Keplerian co-rotation radius1e+08mstat.fit.paramfloatnullableEW(CaII)? Equivalent width of Ca II line (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableGFB05Display the COUP data from Getman et al. 2005, Cat. J/ApJS/160/319meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDScharNEDSimbad column added by the CDSchar_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/688/418/flaresFlare properties (tables 1 and 2) and time-resolved spectroscopy analysis (table 4 of the paper)TypeFlare morphology (2)meta.code;src.morphcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCOUPCOUP source numbermeta.id;meta.mainintFNoFlare numbermeta.idintNCfNet flare countsctphot.count;em.X-rayintbgfBackground counts in flarectinstr.backgroundfloatMEfX-ray median energy of flare countskeVphot.count;em.X-ray;stat.medianfloattchar1Start time of characteristic statekstime.startfloattchar2Stop time of characteristic statekstime.endfloattFl1Flare start timekstime.startfloattFl2Flare stop timekstime.endfloatCRcharCount rate in characteristic statect/ksphot.count;em.X-rayfloatCRFlpkPeak flare count ratect/ksphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_CRFlpkError in CRFlpkct/ksstat.errorfloattCRpkTime of maximum flare count ratekstime.epochfloattTpkTime of maximum flare temperaturekstime.epochfloattEMpkTime of maximum flare emission measurekstime.epochfloattexpTime point for pure exponential decay (1)kstime.epochfloattsepSeparation time point (2)kspos.angDistancefloattaurRise e-folding timescalekstime.scalefloattaud1Initial decay e-folding timescalekstime.scalefloattaud2Full decay e-folding timescalekstime.scalefloatLxpkFlare peak X-ray luminosity (log scale)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatTobspkFlare peak observed plasma temperatureMKphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatEMpkFlare peak emission measure1e+53cm**-3phys.emissMeasure;stat.maxfloatTEMpkPlasma temperature at maximum emission measureMKphys.temperaturefloatzeta1Slope over the full decaystat.fit.paramfloatzeta2Slope within the initial decaystat.fit.paramfloatzeta3Slope within the late decaystat.fit.paramfloatL1Low boundary of the inferred loop length range1e+10cmstat.fit.paramfloatL2High boundary of the inferred loop length range1e+10cmstat.fit.paramfloatLlimLimiting maximum loop length using Serio's law1e+10cmstat.fit.paramfloatFlag1Flag for a dominant slope(s) (1)meta.code.errorintSNoNumber of time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) segmentsmeta.numberintNsegAverage number of counts in TRS segmentctphot.count;stat.meanintNcharNumber of counts in characteristic segmentctphot.countintTcharCharacteristic plasma temperatureMKphys.temperaturefloatTpknCHPeak flare plasma temperature in "noCH" case (2)MKphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatTpkCHPeak flare plasma temperature in "CH" case (2)MKphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatznCHFull decay slope in "noCH" case (2)stat.fit.paramfloatzCHFull decay slope in "CH" case (2)stat.fit.paramfloat