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<ri:Resource created="2006-08-26T20:57:28Z" status="active" updated="2025-05-19T09:50:00Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>Cool stars at the Galactic Center</title><shortName>J/ApJ/597/323</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/597/323</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.15970323</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Blum R.D.</name></creator><creator><name>Ramirez S.V.</name></creator><creator><name>Sellgren K.</name></creator><creator><name>Olsen K.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2017-11-10T11:15:51Z</date><date role="Created">2006-08-26T20:57:28Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>late-type-stars</subject><subject>giant-stars</subject><subject>supergiant-stars</subject><subject>effective-temperature</subject><subject>apparent-magnitude</subject><subject>infrared-photometry</subject><description>We present {lambda}/{Delta}{lambda}=550-1200 near-infrared H and K spectra for a magnitude-limited sample of 79 asymptotic giant branch and cool supergiant stars in the central ~5pc (diameter) of the Galaxy. We use a set of similar spectra obtained for solar neighborhood stars with known Teff and Mbol that is in the same range as the Galactic center (GC) sample to derive Teff and Mbol for the GC sample. We then construct the H-R diagram for the GC sample. Using an automated maximum likelihood routine, we derive a coarse star formation history of the GC.</description><source format="bibcode">2003ApJ...597..323B</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/597/323</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/470/864">J/ApJ/470/864 : JHKL photometry of the Galactic Center (Blum+, 1996)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/391/967">J/A+A/391/967 : H2O and SiO masers in the Galactic center (Sjouwerman+, 2002)</relatedResource></relationship></content><rights>https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html</rights><capability><interface xsi:type="vr:WebBrowser"><accessURL use="full">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/597/323</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/597/323</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/597/323</mirrorURL></interface></capability><capability><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP"><accessURL use="base">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/597/323</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/597/323</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/597/323</mirrorURL><queryType>GET</queryType><resultType>text/xml+votable</resultType></interface></capability><capability standardID="ivo://ivoa.net/std/TAP#aux"><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP" role="std"><accessURL use="base">https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap</accessURL></interface></capability><capability xsi:type="cs:ConeSearch" standardID="ivo://ivoa.net/std/ConeSearch"><description>Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/597/323/table13 (Comparison star table of observations and indexes)</description><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP" role="std"><accessURL use="base">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/597/323/table13?</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/597/323/table13?</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/597/323/table13?</mirrorURL><queryType>GET</queryType><resultType>text/xml+votable</resultType></interface><maxSR>180.0</maxSR><maxRecords>50000</maxRecords><verbosity>true</verbosity><testQuery><ra>258.7618097</ra><dec>36.8091622</dec><sr>0.005555555555555556</sr></testQuery></capability><capability xsi:type="cs:ConeSearch" standardID="ivo://ivoa.net/std/ConeSearch"><description>Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/597/323/table2 (Galactic Center stars)</description><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP" role="std"><accessURL use="base">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/597/323/table2?</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/597/323/table2?</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/597/323/table2?</mirrorURL><queryType>GET</queryType><resultType>text/xml+votable</resultType></interface><maxSR>180.0</maxSR><maxRecords>50000</maxRecords><verbosity>true</verbosity><testQuery><ra>266.4038758</ra><dec>-29.0083994</dec><sr>0.005555555555555556</sr></testQuery></capability><coverage><spatial>6/3256 4146 4972 7533 8430 8475 8573 9520 9589 9813 10159 10696 10879 11097 14110 14623 14644 14878 14907 15650 16783 17192 17256 17716 18998 20102 23611 23983 24336 25821 27013 28028 28830 28872 28914 30110 30457 32136 33233 37901 42154 44018 46487 46956</spatial><spectral>7.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19</spectral><footprint ivo-id="ivo://ivoa.net/std/moc">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/597/323?format=ascii</footprint><waveband>Infrared</waveband></coverage><tableset><schema><name>default</name><table><name>J/ApJ/597/323/table13</name><description>Comparison star table of observations and indexes</description><column><name>SimbadName</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="10*">char</dataType></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Type</name><description>[GSM] G: Giant, S: supergiant, M: Mira</description><ucd>src.class</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>HR</name><description>? HR (Bright Star, Cat. V/50) name</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>HD</name><description>? HD (Henry Draper, Cat. III/135) name</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Name</name><description>Other name</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="10*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Teff</name><description>Effective temperature</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>phys.temperature.effective</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Mbol</name><description>Absolute bolometric magnitude</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.magAbs.bol</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>SpType</name><description>MK Spectral type</description><ucd>src.spType</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="11*">char</dataType></column><column><name>CO</name><description>CO index percentage (G4)</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>e_CO</name><description>rms uncertainty on CO</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>H2O</name><description>? H_2_O index percentage (G4)</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_H2O</name><description>? rms uncertainty on H2O</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>n_H2O</name><description>[bc] Note on H2O (2)</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>r_Teff</name><description>Reference for Teff, in refs.dat file</description><ucd>meta.ref;pos.frame</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="17*">char</dataType></column><column><name>r_Mbol</name><description>Reference for Mbol, in refs.dat file</description><ucd>meta.ref;pos.frame</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="13*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Date</name><description>Observation date</description><ucd>time.epoch;obs</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Inst</name><description>Instrument (G5)</description><ucd>meta.id;instr</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="6*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Ref</name><description>Reference for observations made by others (4)</description><ucd>meta.ref;pos.frame</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="5*">char</dataType></column><column><name>_RA</name><description>Right Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>_DE</name><description>Declination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd></column></table><table><name>J/ApJ/597/323/refs</name><description>Reference</description><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Ref</name><description>Reference code</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="6*">char</dataType></column><column><name>BibCode</name><description>BibCode</description><ucd>meta.bib.bibcode</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="19*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Aut</name><description>Authors' name</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="28*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Com</name><description>Comments</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="20*">char</dataType></column></table><table><name>J/ApJ/597/323/table2</name><description>Galactic Center stars</description><column><name>Name</name><description>Object name (G1)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="11*">char</dataType></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>n_Name</name><description>[j] Individual note (2)</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>n_[BSD96]</name><description>indicates complements about this star in table 4 or 6</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>[BSD96]</name><description>? Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;) sequence number (3)</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag><flag>primary</flag></column><column><name>f_[BSD96]</name><description>[f] Flag on Blum number (4)</description><ucd>meta.code</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>oRA</name><description>? Right Ascension offset (5)</description><unit>arcsec</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;arith.diff</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>oDE</name><description>? Declination offset (5)</description><unit>arcsec</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;arith.diff</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Kmag</name><description>Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;) K band magnitude (6)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_Kmag</name><description>Error in Kmag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>J-K</name><description>? Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;) (J-K) color (6)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_J-K</name><description>? Error in J-K</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.color;em.IR.J</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>H-K</name><description>? Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;) (H-K) color (6)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_H-K</name><description>? Error in H-K</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.color;em.IR.H</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Date</name><description>Observation date</description><ucd>time.epoch;obs</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Ref</name><description>BibCode of photometry reference</description><ucd>meta.bib.bibcode</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="19*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Inst</name><description>Instrument (G5)</description><ucd>meta.id;instr</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="6*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Notes</name><description>Additional notes (8)</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="14*">char</dataType></column><column><name>f_Notes</name><description>[gi] Flag on Notes (9)</description><ucd>meta.note</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Blum</name><description>Show data from Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;)</description><ucd>meta.ref.url</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Simbad</name><description>Simbad column added by the CDS</description><ucd>meta.ref</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="*">char</dataType></column><column><name>_RA</name><description>Position (computed from oRA and oDE, assuming IRS7 at 17:45:39.987-29:00:22.24) (right ascension part)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>_DE</name><description>Position (computed from oRA and oDE, assuming IRS7 at 17:45:39.987-29:00:22.24) (declination part)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd><flag>nullable</flag></column></table><table><name>J/ApJ/597/323/table4</name><description>*Galactic Center stars younger than 10Myr</description><column><name>SpType</name><description>Spectral type</description><ucd>src.spType</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="11*">char</dataType></column><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Name</name><description>Name (G1)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="11*">char</dataType></column><column><name>[BSD96]</name><description>? Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;) sequence number (1)</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Teff</name><description>? Effective temperature (2)</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>phys.temperature.effective</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>e_Teff</name><description>? rms uncertainty on Teff</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>stat.error;phys.temperature.effective</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>K0mag</name><description>Reddening corrected K band magnitude (3)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_K0mag</name><description>rms uncertainty in K0mag</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.K</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>AK</name><description>Extinction in the K band (3)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.absorption</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_AK</name><description>rms uncertainty on AK</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>KMAG</name><description>? 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Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Name</name><description>Object name (G1)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="11*">char</dataType></column><column><name>[BSD96]</name><description>? Blum et al. (1996, Cat. &lt;J/ApJ/470/864&gt;) sequence number</description><ucd>meta.id</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>CO</name><description>The CO index percentage (G4)</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>e_CO</name><description>Uncertainty in CO</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>H2O</name><description>The H_2_O index percentage (G4)</description><unit>%</unit><ucd>spect.index</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Class</name><description>Luminosity class set by CO &amp; H20 (see text)</description><ucd>src.class.luminosity</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="4*">char</dataType></column><column><name>Teff</name><description>Effective temperature (4)</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>phys.temperature.effective</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>e_Teff</name><description>Uncertainty in Teff</description><unit>K</unit><ucd>stat.error;phys.temperature.effective</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>K0mag</name><description>? 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