J/ApJ/564/421ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/564/421doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.15640421CDSBurgasser A.J.Kirkpatrick J.D.Brown M.E.Reid I.N.Burrows A.,Liebert J.Matthews K.Gizis J.E.Dahn C.C.Monet D.G.Cutri R.M.,Skrutskie M.F.2015-01-29T12:22:14Z2002-07-20T16:11:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsstellar-spectral-typesinfrared-photometryWe present near-infrared spectra for a sample of T dwarfs, including 11 new discoveries made using the 2 Micron All Sky Survey. These objects are distinguished from warmer (L-type) brown dwarfs by the presence of methane absorption bands in the 1-2.5{mu}m spectral region. A first attempt at a near-infrared classification scheme for T dwarfs is made, based on the strengths of CH_4_ and H_2_O bands and the shapes of the 1.25, 1.6, and 2.1{mu}m flux peaks. Subtypes T1 VT8 V are defined, and spectral indices useful for classification are presented.2002ApJ...564..421Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/564/421CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+AS/130/65 : A standard stellar library. II. (Lejeune+ 1998)J/AJ/105/1962 : K and M stars photometry (Weis, 1993)B/2mass : The 2MASS database (IPAC/UMass, 2000)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/564/421https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/564/421http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/564/421https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/564/421https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/564/421http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/564/421GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/564/421/table3 (2MASS IDR2 Sources Unconfirmed in Second Epoch Imaging)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.035417-10.2102780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/564/421/table6 (New T Dwarfs Identified in the 2MASS Catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true40.80712-24.89166610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/564/421/table7 (Known T Dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/564/421/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true40.80712-24.89166610.0055555555555555566/198 310 358 378 402 461 465 483 488 489 506 509 558 585 590 611 623 637 678 681 703 719 734 785 793 794 795 797 812 813 824 826 833 837 840 842 843 846 852 854 865 899 913 931 937 938 988 1060 1080 1109 1153 1160 1176 1542 2068 2083 2088 2127 2151 2176 2181 2183 2194 2200 2211 2229 2277 2304 2480 4428 4441 4578 4579 4790 4799 4840 4848 4879 4885 4948 5001 5038 5083 5090 5155 5158 5167 5202 5244 5266 5307 5634 5651 5801 5821 6161 6171 6193 6225 6234 6253 6341 6424 8478 8580 8845 8958 10406 10790 11940 13398 13425 15020 15082 16559 16650 16680 16724 16891 16893 16941 17166 17181 17229 17230 17231 17248 17256 17261 17268 17273 17287 17295 17324 17328 17329 17348 17360 17372 17381 17486 17515 17559 17579 17592 17598 17609 17631 17632 17642 17726 17746 17811 17813 17814 17816 17832 17922 17930 17935 17954 17955 17956 17958 17972 17978 17988 18016 18020 18027 18061 18065 18066 18067 18080 18391 18413 18485 18498 18512 18513 18546 18547 18549 18551 18576 18580 18581 18589 18593 18600 18603 18606 18607 18608 18613 18618 18638 18657 18682 18689 18698 18699 18700 18722 18740 18741 18776 18816 18945 18966 18977 18979 18994 18995 19040 19318 19439 19473 19580 19643 19644 19647 19679 19681 19684 19692 19723 19729 19734 19740 19750 19771 19780 19788 19804 19817 19858 19893 19953 19966 19988 19995 20011 20014 20016 20021 20022 20026 20034 20097 20103 20117 20235 20896 21115 21296 21404 21861 22521 22681 23046 23519 23550 24206 24237 24284 24304 24318 24319 24694 24924 24945 25018 25030 25073 25417 25467 25540 25550 25592 25817 26020 26210 26248 26728 26833 26846 26861 26915 27287 27304 28007 28242 28306 28312 28327 28344 28354 28371 28390 28405 28458 28557 29349 29418 31319 31697 32338 35674 35883 36072 36785 36795 36804 36836 36839 36854 40728 42739 42935 43494 44118 44254 44285 44286 44423 44429 44434 44459 44518 44592 44627 44631 44637 44645 44658 44819 44824 44857 46815 46884 46886 46928 47029 47091 47898 47924 47935 48084 48153 48155 48181 48236 48396 48403 48442 48453 48511 48523 48537 48634 48640 48645 48676 48716 48721 48746 48778 48899 48953 48971 48974 48982 49008 49016 49042 49045 49089 49098 49107 491378.650015785639275e-20 1.7798557115773645e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/564/421?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/564/421/table10Spectral diagnostics for L and T dwarf standardsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTypeDwarf type (G1)src.spTypecharH2O-AH_2_O-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatH2O-BH_2_O-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatCH4-ACH_4_-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatCH4-BCH_4_-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatCH4-CCH_4_-C spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatH/JH/J spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatK/JK/J spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloat2.11/2.072.11/2.07 spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatJ/ApJ/564/421/table11T dwarf spectral indices: NIRC and D78 datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_Object[b] b: Indices averaged from multiple spectrameta.notecharH2O-A? H_2_O-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatnullableT(H2O-A)T sub-type from H_2_O-Ameta.notecharH2O-BH_2_O-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(H2O-B)T sub-type from H_2_O-Bmeta.notecharCH4-ACH_4_-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(CH4-A)T sub-type from CH_4_-Ameta.notecharCH4-BCH_4_-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(CH4-B)T sub-type from CH4-Bmeta.notecharCH4-C? CH_4_-C spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatnullableT(CH4-C)T sub-type from CH4-Cmeta.notecharH/JH/J spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatT(H/J)T sub-type from H/Jmeta.notecharK/JK/J spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatT(K/J)T sub-type from K/Jmeta.notechar2.11/2.07? 2.11/2.07 spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatnullableT(2.11/2.07)T sub-type from 2.11/2.07meta.notecharTypeFinal dwarf T sub-type (G1)src.spTypefloatu_TypeUncertainty flag on Type Spectral due to poor quality spectrummeta.notechare_Type? rms uncertainty on Typemeta.notefloatnullableRefReferences for table13.dat (3)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/564/421/table12T dwarf spectral indices: OSIRIS dataObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_Object[b] b: Indices averaged from multiple spectrameta.notecharH2O-A? H_2_O-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatnullableT(H2O-A)T sub-type from H_2_O-Ameta.notecharH2O-BH_2_O-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(H2O-B)T sub-type from H_2_O-Bmeta.notecharCH4-ACH_4_-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(CH4-A)T sub-type from CH_4_-Ameta.notecharCH4-BCH_4_-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(CH4-B)T sub-type from CH4-Bmeta.notecharCH4-C? CH_4_-C spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatnullableT(CH4-C)T sub-type from CH4-Cmeta.notecharH/JH/J spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatT(H/J)T sub-type from H/Jmeta.notecharK/JK/J spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatT(K/J)T sub-type from K/Jmeta.notechar2.11/2.07? 2.11/2.07 spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatnullableT(2.11/2.07)T sub-type from 2.11/2.07meta.notecharTypeFinal dwarf T sub-type (G1)src.spTypefloatu_TypeUncertainty flag on Type Spectral due to poor quality spectrummeta.notechare_Type? rms uncertainty on Typemeta.notefloatnullableRefReferences for table13.dat (3)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/564/421/table16K I pseudoequivalent widths: data from literaturerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTypeDwarf type (G1)src.spTypecharlambdac1Central wavelength for 1.2432{mu}m lineumem.wl.centralfloatl_PEW1Limit flag on PEW1meta.code.errorcharPEW1Pseudoequivalent width for 1.2432{mu}m line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_PEW1? rms uncertainty on PEW10.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablelambdac2Central wavelength for 1.2522{mu}m lineumem.wl.centralfloatPEW2Pseudoequivalent width for 1.2522{mu}m line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_PEW2? rms uncertainty on PEW20.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableRef? References for table16.dat (1)meta.noteintnullableJ/ApJ/564/421/table32MASS IDR2 Sources Unconfirmed in Second Epoch ImagingrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASSIObject name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharO2MASSThe UT year of 2MASS observationtime.epochJmagThe 2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_JmagUncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmagThe 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_HmagUncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatl_KsmagThe limit flag in Ksmagmeta.code.errorcharKsmagThe 2MASS K_s_ band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag? Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableInstInstrument used in additional observations (2)instr.setup;obscharAddThe UT year of the additional observationtime.epochn_InstNote on Inst (3)meta.notechar_RAPosition (derived from the 2MASSI name) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (derived from the 2MASSI name) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/564/421/table4Log of NIRC and OSIRIS ObservationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsObservations (NIRC or OSIRIS)meta.id;instrcharObjectObject designationmeta.id;meta.maincharn_Object[b] b: Previously identified M and L dwarfs observed for spectral comparisonmeta.notecharTypeDwarf type (L, M or T) (G1)src.spTypecharDateUT Date of observationtime.epoch;obsnullableTintIntegration timestime.epochintAirMassAirmassobs.airMassfloatAirMass2? Upper value of airmass when intervalobs.airMassfloatnullableCalCalibrator namemeta.idcharSpTypeSpectral type of the calibrator, from SIMBAD databasesrc.spTypecharJ/ApJ/564/421/table5Comparison of NIRC Spectrophotometric colors to 2MASS photometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Object[b] b: Separate observations obtained on 2000 January 23-24 (UT)meta.notechar(J-H)22MASS photometric J-H colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.Hfloate_(J-H)2rms uncertainty on J-Hmagstat.errorfloat(J-H)NNIRC spectrophotometric J-H colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.HfloatD(J-H)(J-H) difference, 2MASS minus NIRCmagphot.color;arith.difffloatl_(H-Ks)2Limit flag on H-Ksmeta.code.errorchar(H-Ks)22MASS photometric H-Ks colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.Kfloate_(H-Ks)2? rms uncertainty on H-Ksmagstat.errorfloatnullable(H-Ks)NNIRC spectrophotometric H-Ks colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatD(H-Ks)? (H-Ks) difference, 2MASS minus NIRCmagphot.color;arith.difffloatnullablel_(J-Ks)2Limit flag on J-Ksmeta.code.errorchar(J-Ks)22MASS photometric J-Ks colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.Kfloate_(J-Ks)2? rms uncertainty on J-Ksmagstat.errorfloatnullable(J-Ks)NNIRC spectrophotometric J-H colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.HfloatD(J-Ks)? (J-Ks) difference, 2MASS minus NIRCmagphot.color;arith.difffloatnullableJ/ApJ/564/421/table6New T Dwarfs Identified in the 2MASS CatalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASSIDesignation in 2MASS cataloguemeta.id;meta.maincharSamplePrimary sample (1)meta.idcharJmag2MASS J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmagrms uncertainty on Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmagrms uncertainty on Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag2MASS Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmagrms uncertainty on Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloat_RAPosition (from catalogues / papers), added at CDS (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (from catalogues / papers), added at CDS (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/564/421/table7Known T DwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharNote[bc] Note on photometry (1)meta.notecharTypeDwarf type (G1)src.spTypecharJmag? J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? rms uncertainty on Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableJ-H? J-H colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_J-H? rms uncertainty on J-Hmagstat.error;phot.color;em.IR.Jfloatnullablel_H-KsLimit flag on H-Ksmeta.code.error;phot.color;em.IR.HcharH-Ks? H-Ks colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_H-Ks? rms uncertainty on H-Ksmagstat.error;phot.color;em.IR.Hfloatnullablel_J-KsLimit flag on J-Ksmeta.code.error;phot.color;em.IR.JcharJ-KsJ-Ks colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.Kfloate_J-Ks? rms uncertainty on J-Ksmagstat.error;phot.color;em.IR.JfloatnullableRefReference for photometry (2)meta.ref;pos.frameint_RAPosition (from catalogues / papers), added at CDS (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (from catalogues / papers), added at CDS (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/564/421/table13T dwarf spectral indices: data from literaturerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_Object[b] b: Indices averaged from multiple spectrameta.notecharH2O-A? H_2_O-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatnullableT(H2O-A)T sub-type from H_2_O-Ameta.notecharH2O-BH_2_O-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(H2O-B)T sub-type from H_2_O-Bmeta.notecharCH4-ACH_4_-A spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(CH4-A)T sub-type from CH_4_-Ameta.notecharCH4-BCH_4_-B spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatT(CH4-B)T sub-type from CH4-Bmeta.notecharCH4-C? CH_4_-C spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatnullableT(CH4-C)T sub-type from CH4-Cmeta.notecharH/JH/J spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatT(H/J)T sub-type from H/Jmeta.notecharK/JK/J spectral diagnostic (G2) (2)meta.notefloatT(K/J)T sub-type from K/Jmeta.notechar2.11/2.07? 2.11/2.07 spectral diagnostic (G2)meta.notefloatnullableT(2.11/2.07)T sub-type from 2.11/2.07meta.notecharTypeFinal dwarf T sub-type (G1)src.spTypefloatu_TypeUncertainty flag on Type Spectral due to poor quality spectrummeta.notechare_Type? rms uncertainty on Typemeta.notefloatnullableRefReferences for table13.dat (3)meta.notecharJ/ApJ/564/421/table15K I pseudoequivalent widths: OSIRIS datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObjectObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTypeDwarf type (G1)src.spTypecharlambdac1Central wavelength for 1.2432{mu}m lineumem.wl.centralfloatl_PEW1Limit flag on PEW1meta.code.errorcharPEW1Pseudoequivalent width for 1.2432{mu}m line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_PEW1? rms uncertainty on PEW10.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablelambdac2Central wavelength for 1.2522{mu}m lineumem.wl.centralfloatPEW2Pseudoequivalent width for 1.2522{mu}m line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_PEW2? rms uncertainty on PEW20.1nmstat.errorfloatnullableRef? References for table16.dat (1)meta.noteintnullable