J/AJ/170/70ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/70CDSEspinoza-Retamal J.I.Jordan A.Brahm R.Petrovich C.Sedaghati E.,Stefansson G.Hobson M.J.Tala Pinto M.Munoz D.J.Boyle G.Leiva R.,Suc V.2026-05-26T12:12:22Z2026-05-26T12:49:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsphotometryspectroscopyvisible-astronomyradial-velocityinfrared-astronomyEssential information about the formation and evolution of planetary systems can be found in their architectures-in particular, in stellar obliquity ({psi})-as they serve as a signature of their dynamical evolution. Here we present ESPRESSO observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect of eight warm gas giants, revealing that, independently of the eccentricities, all of them have relatively aligned orbits. Our five warm Jupiters (WASP-106 b, WASP-130 b, TOI-558 b, TOI-4515 b, and TOI-5027 b) have sky-projected obliquities |{lambda}|~0-10{deg}, while the two less massive warm Saturns (K2-139 b and K2-329 A b) are slightly misaligned, having |{lambda}|~15-25{deg}. Furthermore, for K2-139 b, K2-329 A b, and TOI-4515 b, we also measure true 3D obliquities {psi}~15-30{deg}. We also report a nondetection of the RM effect produced by TOI-2179 b. Through hierarchical Bayesian modeling of the true 3D obliquities of hot and warm Jupiters, we find that around single stars warm Jupiters are statistically more aligned than hot Jupiters. Independent of eccentricities, 95% of the warm Jupiters have {psi}<=25{deg} with no misaligned planets, while hot Jupiters show an almost isotropic distribution of misaligned systems. This implies that around single stars warm Jupiters form in primordially aligned protoplanetary disks and subsequently evolve in a more quiescent way than hot Jupiters. Finally, we find that Saturns may have slightly more misaligned orbits than warm Jupiters, but more obliquity measurements are necessary to be conclusive.2025AJ....170...70Ehttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/70CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/A+A/516/A95 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HD 80606b (Hebrard+, 2010)J/ApJ/757/18 : RVs for 16 hot Jupiter host stars (Albrecht+, 2012)J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)J/ApJ/780/159 : Rot-mass-age relationship of old field stars (Epstein+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A64 : WASP-104b and WASP-106b photometry (Smith+, 2014)J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs of radial velocity obs. of exoplanet syst. (Bryan+, 2016)J/MNRAS/465/3693 : 7 WASP-South transiting exoplanets (Hellier+, 2017)J/AJ/158/45 : TESS light curve & radial velocities for HD 1397 (Brahm+, 2019)J/ApJS/251/15 : LAMOST-Kepler/K2 surv. (LK-MRS) 1st year obs. (Zong+, 2020)J/other/ExA/51.109 : Transit KELT-11b observed by CHEOPS (Benz+, 2021)J/AJ/161/82 : Phot. & spectroscopic obs. of TOI-954 and K2-329 (Sha+, 2021)J/A+A/664/A162 : LC and RV for HAT-P-15, 17, 21, 26 and 29 (Mancini+, 2022)J/AJ/164/104 : NEID and HIRES radial velocity of TOI-1478 (Rice+, 2022)J/AJ/164/21 : K2-139 G-band photometry with CHEOPS (Smith+, 2022)J/ApJ/931/L15 : Obs. of two transits of GJ 3470b with NEID (Stefansson+, 2022)J/AJ/166/159 : WASP-106 b Radial velocity follow up (Harre+, 2023)J/AJ/168/185 : HATS-38b & WASP-139b: LCs & RVs (Espinoza-Retamal+, 2024)J/AJ/167/175 : Radial velocity and photometry of TOI-677 (Hu+, 2024)J/A+A/690/A379 : Obliquities of exoplanet host stars (Knudstrup+, 2024)J/A+A/694/A268 : Discovery of 4 warm giants (Tala Pinto+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/70https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/70http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/70https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/70https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/70http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/70GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/70/targets (List of targets (Table added by CDS))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/70/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/70/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/70/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true202.8839787-42.39839780.0055555555555555566/2056 18713 26918 29022 33507 33592 41349 43434https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/70?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/170/70/targetsList of targets (Table added by CDS)RAJ2015Hour of right ascension (J2015.5) from Gaia DR3 (I/355) from Gaia DR3 (I/355)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2015Degree of declination (J2015.5) from Gaia DR3 (I/355)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnLCNumber of photometric data points for this target (link to Table lc)meta.numberintnullableLCLight curvemeta.ref.urlcharnRVNumber of radial velocity data points for this target (link to Table lc)meta.numberintnullableRVRadial velocity curvemeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.decindexedTargetTarget identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ/AJ/170/70/lcLight curve data (Data behind Figures A1-A8)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTargetTarget identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharBJD[2457320/2460504] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleindexedFlux[0.93031/1.03086] Relative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_Flux[5e-5/5.3e-3] Uncertainty in Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleInstInstrument used (1)meta.id;instrcharJ/AJ/170/70/rvRadial velocity data (Data behind Figures A1-A8)TargetTarget identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2456298/2460551] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVel[-34679/29928] Radial velocitym/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublee_RVel[0.712/67] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocdoubleInstInstrument used (1)meta.id;instrchar