J/AJ/170/343ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/343CDSHarada C.K.Dressing C.D.Turtelboom E.V.Kane S.R.Blunt S.,Dietrich J.Hinkel N.R.Li Z.Mamajek E.Rice M.Tuchow N.W.,Wittenmyer R.A.Chin C.Fernandez A.Kulkarni S.Lin E.Liu N.,Liu R.Nathan A.Zbriger A.2026-09-07T13:21:59Z2026-09-04T16:50:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsradial-velocityline-intensitiesstellar-activityvisible-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyeffective-temperatureA goal of the future Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize true Earth-analogs. However, if a large fraction of HWO target stars host unknown dynamically disruptive giant planets in their habitable zones (HZs), then additional targets that are farther away will need to be surveyed, potentially requiring a larger-aperture telescope and a coronagraph with a smaller inner working angle. Therefore, the sooner we constrain the presence of massive planets orbiting potential HWO target stars, the easier and less costly it will be to adjust key aspects of HWO's architecture. In this work, we uniformly analyze over 153,000 public radial velocity (RV) observations of 120 potential HWO target stars to derive mass limits on planetary companions. The RVs were measured by 23 spectrographs located at 15 observatories around the world, with the first observations going back to 1987. Based on empirical search completeness tests, we determine that undetected Jupiter-mass (Saturn-mass) planets may be hiding in up to 38% (53%) of the HZs of targets in the ExEP Mission Star List. The median mass sensitivity limit in the middle of the conservative HZ is approximately 48M_{Earth}_. We also provide updated parameters for 53 known companions, and we detect at least 26 additional RV signals corresponding to stellar activity and 4 signals that are planet candidates. We note that 44 of the ExEP stars lack substantial RV monitoring history, and we advocate for community-coordinated observing campaigns of these stars using moderate-precision RV facilities.2025AJ....170..343Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/343CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-)B/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)III/150A : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)III/159A : Ca II H and K Measurements Made at MWO (Duncan+ 1991)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/AJ/121/2148 : Precise spectral types for 372 A, F & G stars (Gray+, 2001)J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)J/A+A/415/391 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets. XII (Mayor+, 2004)J/A+A/414/351 : ELODIE survey for north. extrasolar planets III (Naef+, 2004)J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project: The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/ApJS/182/97 : Radial velocities of multi-planet systems (Wittenmyer+, 2009)J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighborh. XXVIII. Substellar comp. (Dieterich+, 2012)J/A+A/547/A106 : Li abundances in the FGK dwarfs (Mishenina+, 2012)J/A+A/555/A11 : DUNES survey observational results (Eiroa+, 2013)J/ApJ/770/69 : Kepler planet candidates radii (Petigura+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A78 : Solar like stars radial velocities (Zechmeister+, 2013)J/ApJS/210/5 : The twenty-five year Lick planet search (Fischer+, 2014)J/ApJ/807/45 : Potentially habitable planets orbit. M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck RV Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)J/ApJ/835/25 : Calibrated solar S-index time series (Egeland+, 2017)J/A+A/630/A50 : Combining HCI and RV of nearby stars (Boehle+, 2019)J/A+A/632/A37 : Well sampled stars FEROS+HARPS radial velocities (Brems+, 2019)J/AJ/157/149 : Transit parameters for planets around subgiants (Luhn+, 2019)J/AJ/159/235 : Radial Velocity jitters in ~600 planet host stars (Luhn+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A112 : CARMENES VIS RVs of 3 M dwarfs (Stock+, 2020)J/A+A/636/A74 : HARPS radial velocity database (Trifonov+, 2020)J/AJ/161/26 : EXPRES. II. HD 101501 phot. and radial velocity (Cabot+, 2021)J/other/NatAs/5.775 : nu2 Lupi CHEOPS light curves (Delrez+, 2021)J/A+A/645/L6 : zet01 Ret and zet02 activity indexes (Flores+, 2021)J/AJ/161/130 : List of 100 targets for NEID Earth Twin Survey (Gupta+, 2021)J/AJ/161/134 : Surv. of stellar & planetary comp. within 25pc (Hirsch+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rotation & activ. for Kepler stars. II. (Santos+, 2021)J/ApJ/930/7 : Rot. distrib. from TESS-APOGEE-Kepler-Gaia (Avallone+, 2022)J/ApJS/262/21 : 3-D selection of 167 sub-stellar companions (Feng+, 2022)J/AJ/163/171 : The EXPRES Stellar Signals Project. II. RVel (Zhao+, 2022)J/A+A/674/A114 : South. extrasolar planets CORALIE survey. XIX (Barbato+, 2023)J/AJ/166/46 : EXPRES. IV. Two Additional Planets Orbiting (Brewer+, 2023)J/AJ/165/176 : Doppler constraints comp. to Sun-like stars (Laliotis+, 2023)J/AJ/165/151 : List of Exoplanet RV "green prime" (Newman+, 2023)J/A+A/678/A107 : Long-period substellar companions (Philipot+, 2023)J/A+A/671/A10 : Planets around stars with wide brown dwarfs (Subjak+, 2023)J/ApJS/272/30 : Habitable Worlds Obs. (HWO): 164 targets (Harada+, 2024)J/ApJS/274/35 : California Legacy Surv. V. Activity cycles (Isaacson+, 2024)J/A+A/683/A125 : HARPS radial velocity database (Perdelwitz+, 2024)J/AJ/167/139 : HPIC cat. and potential contaminants from Gaia (Tuchow+, 2024)J/AJ/170/52 : NETS. II. RV & astrometry of 7 star syst. (Giovinazzi+, 2025)J/A+A/693/A297 : HD 20794 RV, FWHM, BIS, S-index, Ha, Temp (Nari+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/343https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/343http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/343https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/343https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/343http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/343GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/343/table3 (*Summary of the 141 SPORES-HWO targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/343/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/343/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/343/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.653266729.02150360.0055555555555555566/684 1341 1603 1875 2472 3020 3036 3102 3118 3639 4438 4854 5009 5074 5304 5420 5522 5836 5853 6066 6766 6926 6941 7595 7763 8109 8476 8790 8985 9125 9403 9476 9835 10375 10899 11633 11806 12592 13301 14180 14278 14419 14459 15356 15962 16069 17171 17425 18139 19323 19585 19912 20328 21060 21177 21484 22040 22708 22818 23140 23190 23230 23369 23675 23974 24028 24212 24713 24924 25056 26975 27973 28605 28664 29196 30576 30665 30878 30965 31433 31478 31751 32757 32848 33211 33281 33552 33717 34446 34817 34896 34905 35064 35351 35948 36365 36664 36693 36697 37408 37595 38064 38238 39500 40078 40242 40692 40932 41763 41941 42248 42285 42700 42760 43639 44284 44557 45485 45535 45564 45668-45669 46113 46566 46640 46776 46925 46982 47101 47137 47589 48334 48355 48652https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/343?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/170/343/table3*Summary of the 141 SPORES-HWO targetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[HD][HD]meta.id.part;meta.maincharHDHenry Draper Catalog (III/135A) IDmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryOName1Alternative identifiermeta.idcharOName2Alternative identifiermeta.idcharTeff[3601/6871] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintInstInstrumentsmeta.id;instrcharnRV[5/1742] Number of epochs of radial velocity observationsmeta.number;spect.dopplerVelocintnSAI[0/2929] Number of stellar activity indicators measuredmeta.numberintObsDateStStart date of radial velocity observationstime;obsnullableObsDateEndEnd date of radial velocity observationstime;obsnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableSpan[0.9/36] Time span of radial velocity observationsyrtime.duration;obsfloatRefRadial velocity references (1)meta.ref;spect.dopplerVeloccharRVsNumber of radial velocity measurements for this target (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableRVplotRadial velocity plotmeta.ref.urlcharH24Display the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO; Harada+2024, J/ApJS/272/30) datameta.ref.urlcharT24Display the Habitable Worlds Observatory Preliminary Input Catalog (HPIC; Tuchow+2024, J/AJ/167/139) datameta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/170/343/table5The RV data for all HD sourcesHDHenry Draper Catalog (III/135A) IDmeta.id;meta.maincharInstInstrument identifiermeta.id;instrcharBibCodeADS style bibcode for reference (1)meta.bib.bibcodecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJD[2446957/2460292] Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleindexedRVel[-177799/88712]? Radial velocitym/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_RVel[0.05/4340.55]? Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableS-ind[1e-4/1.79]? The s-index valuespect.indexfloatnullablee_S-ind[0/0.29]? Uncertainty in S-indstat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableH-ind[0.02/1.01]? The H-index valuespect.indexfloatnullablee_H-ind[0/0.39]? Uncertainty in H-indstat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableEWHa[0.02/723.4]? H{alpha} equivalent width1e-10mspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.Halphadoublenullablee_EWHa[7e-4/6]? Uncertainty in EWHa1e-10mstat.error;spect.line.eqWidth;em.line.HalphadoublenullableRHK[0/0.03]? The R'_HK_ stellar activity indicatorphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_RHK[0/0.17]? Uncertainty in RHKstat.error;phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableBIS[-1230523/801090]? Bisector inverse slopem/sarith.graddoublenullableFWHMJ/AJ/170/343/table6Signals identified by RVSearchrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[HD][HD]meta.id.part;meta.maincharHDHenry Draper Catalog (III/135A) IDmeta.id;meta.maincharSignalKeplerian signal (1)meta.idcharPer[0.73/32946] Perioddtime.perioddoublee_Per[0/2700] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.min;time.perioddoubleE_Per[0/4000] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.max;time.perioddoubleTc[0/2461225]? Julian Date of inferior conjunctiondtime.epochdoublenullablee_Tc[0/1400]? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Tcdstat.error;stat.min;time.epochdoublenullableE_Tc[0/1800]? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Tcdstat.error;stat.max;time.epochdoublenullablee[0/0.91]? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablee_e[0/0.43]? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in estat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableE_e[0/0.31]? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in estat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableomega[-3.3/3.14]? Argument of periastronradsrc.orbital.periastronfloatnullablee_omega[0/2.9]? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in omegaradstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.periastronfloatnullableE_omega[0/2.5]? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in omegaradstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.periastronfloatnullableK[0/3993]? Radial velocity semi-amplitudem/sphys.veloc;src.orbitaldoublenullablee_K[0/1000]? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Km/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.dopplerVelocdoublenullableE_K[0/2000]? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Km/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocdoublenullableMpsini[0/256861]? Projected planet mass, Mp*sin(i)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullablee_Mpsini[0/88000]? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in Mpsini(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.min;phys.massdoublenullableE_Mpsini[0/210000]? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in Mpsini(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massdoublenullablea[0/15]? Semi-major axisAUphys.angSize.smajAxisdoublenullablee_a[0/1.6]? Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in aAUstat.error;stat.min;phys.angSize.smajAxisdoublenullableE_a[0/2.4]? Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in aAUstat.error;stat.max;phys.angSize.smajAxisdoublenullableFAPFalse Alarm Probabilitystat.fit.goodnesscharClassClassification (2)meta.code.classcharBibCodeADS bibcode reference for Class (3)meta.bib.bibcodecharJ/AJ/170/343/table7Trends identified by RVSearchHDHenry Draper Catalog (III/135A) IDmeta.id;meta.mainchargammaDdot[-2.44e-5/1.5e-4] Quadratic {gamma} trend termm.s**-1.d**-2stat.fit.paramdoublee_gammaDdot[0/5.3e-5] Lower uncertainty in gammaDdotm.s**-1.d**-2stat.error;stat.min;stat.fit.paramdoubleE_gammaDdot[0/1.1e-4] Upper uncertainty in gammaDdotm.s**-1.d**-2stat.error;stat.max;stat.fit.paramdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[HD][HD]meta.id.part;meta.mainchargammadot[-0.51/0.36] Linear {gamma} trend termm.s**-1.d**-1stat.fit.paramdoublee_gammadot[0/0.28] Lower uncertainty in gammadotm.s**-1.d**-1stat.error;stat.min;stat.fit.paramdoubleE_gammadot[0/0.2] Upper uncertainty in gammadotm.s**-1.d**-1stat.error;stat.max;stat.fit.paramdoubleJ/AJ/170/343/table9RV sensitivity limits in the conservative Habitable Zone (HZ)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHDHenry Draper Catalog (III/135A) IDmeta.id;meta.mainchar[HD][HD]meta.id.part;meta.maincharTeff[3601/6745] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintaIHZ[0.15/2.08] Inner Habitable Zone semi-major axisAUphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatPerIHZ[0.09/2.94] Inner Habitable Zone periodyrtime.periodfloatMpIHZ[2.3/6044.2] Inner Habitable Zone project planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_MpIHZ[4.8/5230.1]? Upper limit in MpIHZ (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullableKIHZ[0.5/357.4] Inner Habitable Zone radial velocity semi-amplitudem/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatE_KIHZ[1/269.4]? Upper limit in KIHZ (1)m/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableaMHZ[0.19/2.53] Middle Habitable Zone semi-major axis (2)AUphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatPerMHZ[0.12/3.97] Middle Habitable Zone period (2)yrtime.periodfloatMpMHZ[2.6/6626.3] Middle Habitable Zone project planet mass (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_MpMHZ[5.6/6138.4]? Upper limit in MpMHZ (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullableKMHZ[0.5/359.1] Middle Habitable Zone radial velocity semi-amplitude (2)m/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatE_KMHZ[1.1/310.3]? Upper limit in KMHZ (1)m/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableaOHZ[0.28/3.5] Outer Habitable Zone semi-major axisAUphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatPerOHZ[0.23/6.57] Outer Habitable Zone periodyrtime.periodfloatMpOHZ[3.6/7532.8] Outer Habitable Zone project planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_MpOHZ[7.6/13243.1]? Upper limit in MpOHZ (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullableKOHZ[0.6/360.6] Outer Habitable Zone radial velocity semi-amplitudem/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatE_KOHZ[1.1/465.1]? Upper limit in KOHZ (1)m/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableJ/AJ/170/343/inst*References for instruments (added by CDS)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAcronymInstrument acronymmeta.id;meta.maincharn_InstrumentNote on Instrumentmeta.note;meta.id;instrcharInstrumentInstrument namemeta.id;instrcharObservatoryObservatory namemeta.id;instr.obstycharLocationLocation of the observatorypos.earth.altitude;instr.obstycharCoverageWavelength coverage of the instrumentinstr.bandwidthcharTelescopeTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharSizeSize of the telescopeminstr.telfloatRefReference for the instrumentinstrchar