J/AJ/170/322ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/322CDSEsmer E.M.Daylan T.2026-08-31T15:14:15Z2026-08-31T14:51:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starsmultiple-starsexoplanetsbrown-dwarfsastronomical-modelsphotometryvisible-astronomyCircumbinary planets and brown dwarfs form in complex gravitational environments, offering insights into formation, orbital stability, and habitability prospects. However, they remain underrepresented, with only 60 confirmed or candidate systems known. In this work, we leverage TESS photometry to search for circumbinary companions through eclipse timing variations (ETVs), analyzing 152 detached eclipsing binaries. By modeling eclipse timings, we identify 37 systems with significant periodic signals, 19 of which have false-alarm probabilities below 0.01. One system, TIC 142979644, emerges as a promising candidate to host a circumbinary substellar companion, with estimated masses of 18.8M_J_ and 11.1M_J_ from different methods. Simulations using synthetic ETVs indicate a 5% recovery rate for circumbinary brown dwarfs and 0.1% for Jupiter-like planets, with median masses of 56.6M_J_^+16.5MJ^_-23.4MJ_ and periods of 1404_-953_^+1361^days. Our simulations show that the smallest detectable mass is 1.6M_J_ at a period of 1860days and confirm that ETV methods are effective in detecting misaligned systems. In the absence of a detection, we set an upper limit of 40% on the occurrence rate of circumbinary brown dwarfs at the 2{sigma} confidence level. In contrast, a confirmed single detection would imply an occurrence rate of 13.08%. These constraints are consistent with previous abundance estimates for circumbinary brown dwarfs (<=6.5%). As most circumbinary substellar companions detected through ETVs are found around post-common envelope binaries, our recovery rate of 0.83% in their progenitors implies that even a single detection would strongly favor a first-generation origin.2025AJ....170..322Ehttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/322CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/other/Sci/337.1511 : Kepler-47 transits (Orosz+, 2012)J/other/Nat/481.475 : RVs of Kepler-34b & Kepler-35b (Welsh+, 2012)J/ApJ/768/127 : Q1-11 Kepler light curve of KIC 4862625 (Schwamb+, 2013)J/MNRAS/448/946 : Kepler eclipse timing variation analyses (Borkovits+, 2015)J/A+A/593/A38 : SPOTS II. Planets Orbiting Two Stars (Bonavita+, 2016)J/MNRAS/455/4136 : Kepler triples (Borkovits+, 2016)J/AJ/153/258 : 2007.5 to 2010.4 HST astrometry of HD 202206 (Benedict+, 2017)J/A+A/608/A106 : HD 284149 SPHERE/IFS spectrum (Bonavita+, 2017)J/A+A/604/L6 : EBLM J0555-57 photometry and RV (von Boetticher+, 2017)J/MNRAS/479/5491 : Absolute parameters of 509 main-sequence stars (Eker+, 2018)J/A+A/624/A68 : 47 single-line eclipsing binar. BEBOP veloc. (Martin+, 2019)J/AJ/157/174 : Transit. planets in Kepler-47 circumbinary syst. (Orosz+, 2019)J/MNRAS/488/4905 : SuperWASP transit false positive catalog (Schanche+, 2019)J/AJ/157/184 : NY Virginis primary mid-eclipse times (Song+, 2019)J/A+A/625/A150 : 10 very-low-mass stars photometry (von Boetticher+, 2019)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)J/MNRAS/503/2979 : CSS eclipsing binar. period variations (Papageorgiou+, 2021)J/ApJS/259/66 : Eclipsing quadruple star candidates from TESS (Kostov+, 2022)J/ApJS/258/16 : TESS Eclipsing Binary stars. I. Sectors 1-26 (Prsa+, 2022)J/ApJS/279/50 : TESS Ten Thousand Catalog: Eclipsing Binaries (Kostov+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/322https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/322http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/322https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/322https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/322http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/322GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/322/tablea2 (Eclipse timing variation (ETV) periodogram results and derived parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/322/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/322/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/322/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true96.5159931-59.01616610.0055555555555555566/1520 1899 2682 3787 3835 3872 3917 4037 4049 4123 4648 5476 6770 6783 7607 7937 7972 8186 9263 9400 10047 10075 10097 10283 10664 10743 10945 11024 11602 11630 11652 11797 11963 12037 12909 13490 14130 14353 14579 14598 14730 14735 14775 14826 14909 14968 15107 15112 15135 15170 15195 15347 15609 15712 15734 15772 15891 15898 15981 16073 16103 16175 16212 16238 16255 16687 16812 17931 20534 20742 21077 21100 21357 21488 21501 21676 22618 22736 22778 23601 26393 26416 26581 26693 26741 30701 32817 32908 32940 32980 33061 33101 33140 33367 33415 33456 33580 33815 33861 33870 33892 34113 34178 34301 35571 35896 35919 36293 36594 37024 37398 37425 37448 37488 37518 37561 37565 37572 37603 37617 37786 37935 38882 38914 38932 38957 38963 39055 39078 39375 39431 39444 39649 40222 40425 43643 43652 43698 43918 45129 45319 45382 45539 45942 46094 46245 46796 46881 47278 481871.9676113589029636e-19 3.361073789538738e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/322?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/170/322/tablea2Eclipse timing variation (ETV) periodogram results and derived parametersRad1[0.23/2.44]? Primary stellar radius from Mass-Temperature-Radius relations (Radius1)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableMass2[0.11/1.29]? Secondary stellar mass from Mass-Temperature-Radius or extrapolatedsolMassphys.massfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC[3816260/1883519478] TESS Input Catalog (IV/39) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongprimaryMJD-1[1322.13/2084.25] Reference mid-time of primary eclipse; BJD-2457000 at TBD (Reference-primary-eclipse)dtime.epochdoublePerBin[1.49/13.75] Orbital period of the eclipsing binary (Period-binary)dsrc.orbital;time.perioddoubleTmag[5.44/13.84] TESS-band magnitude of the systemmagphot.mag;em.optfloatRUWE[0.8/42.57]? Gaia DR3 (I/355) renormalized unit weight errorstat.errorfloatnullablePer3-af[6/2592.82] ETV period of third companion from allesfitter-based timings (Period-3-allesfitter)dtime.periodfloatAmp3-af[0.01/1918.62] ETV semi-amplitude of third companion from allesfitter (Amplitude-3-allesfitter)minsrc.var.amplitude;timefloatFAP-af[5.2e-27/1]? False-alarm probability from allesfitter (FAP-allesfitter) (1)stat.probabilitydoublenullablePer3-SAP-1[12.9/2610.89]? ETV period of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Single Aperture Photometry flux, primary timing (Period-3-GenGauss-SAP-PRI)dtime.perioddoublenullableAmp3-SAP-1[0.02/168.94]? ETV semi-amplitude of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Single Aperture Photometry, primary timing (Amplitude-3-GenGauss-SAP-PRI)minsrc.var.amplitude;timefloatnullableFAP-SAP-1[1.7e-42/1]? False-alarm probability of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Single Aperture Photometry, primary timing (FAP-GenGauss-SAP-PRI) (1)stat.probabilitydoublenullablePer3-PDCSAP-1[6.91/2750.69]? ETV period of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Presearch Data Conditioning SAP flux, primary timing (Period-3-GenGauss-PDCSAP-PRI)dtime.perioddoublenullableAmp3-PDCSAP-1[0.03/46.25]? ETV semi-amplitude of thirdcompanion from Generalized Gaussian, Presearch Data Conditioning SAP, primary timing (Amplitude-3-GenGauss-PDCSAP-PRI)minsrc.var.amplitude;timefloatnullableFAP-PDCSAP-1[4.2e-41/1]? False-alarm probability from Generalized Gaussian, Presearch Data Conditioning SAP, primary timing (FAP-GenGauss-PDCSAP-PRI) (1)stat.probabilitydoublenullablePer3-SAP-2[8.8/10000]? ETV period of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Single Aperture Photometry flux, secondary timing (Period-3-GenGauss-SAP-SEC)dtime.perioddoublenullableAmp3-SAP-2[0.06/611.89]? ETV semi-amplitude of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Single Aperture Photometry, secondary timing (Amplitude-3-GenGauss-SAP-SEC)minsrc.var.amplitude;timefloatnullableFAP-SAP-2[2e-36/1]? False-alarm probability from Generalized Gaussian, Single Aperture Photometry, secondary timing (FAP-GenGauss-SAP-SEC) (1)stat.probabilitydoublenullablePer3-PDCSAP-2[8.75/2302.96]? ETV period of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Presearch Data Conditioning SAP flux, secondary timing (Period-3-GenGauss-PDCSAP-SEC)dtime.perioddoublenullableAmp3-PDCSAP-2[0.07/1571.54]? ETV semi-amplitude of third companion from Generalized Gaussian, Presearch Data Conditioning SAP, secondary timing (Amplitude-3-GenGauss-PDCSAP-SEC)minsrc.var.amplitude;timedoublenullableFAP-PDCSAP-2[5.3e-35/1]? False-alarm probability from Generalized Gaussian, Presearch Data Conditioning SAP, secondary timing (FAP-GenGauss-PDCSAP-SEC) (1)stat.probabilitydoublenullableTeff1[3000/10900]? Adopted effective temperature of primary starKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableInc[78.98/88.88]? Binary orbital inclination (Inc-binary)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullableMass1[0.21/2.83]? Primary stellar mass from Mass-Temperature-Radius relationssolMassphys.massfloatnullableRad2[0.097/1.47]? Secondary stellar radius (Radius2)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableM3sini-af[0.018/215.73]? Projected mass of third body from allesfitter solution (M3sini-allesfitter)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublenullableM3-af[0.018/216.14]? Third-body mass assuming coplanarity, allesfitter-derived (M3-allesfitter)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublenullableM3sini-GG[0.011/223.24]? Projected mass of third body from Generalized Gaussian solution (M3sini-GenGauss)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublenullableM3-GG[0.011/223.67]? Third-body mass assuming coplanarity, Generalized Gaussian-derived (M3-GenGauss)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublenullableAmpRatio-af[0.061/238.11]? Ratio of expected dynamical ETV amplitude to light-travel-time amplitude, allesfitter timings (A-dyn-over-A-lite-allesfitter)src.var.amplitude;arith.ratiodoublenullableFig15Download the ETV plot for this target (Figure 15) in JPG formatmeta.ref.urlcharN-afNumber of mid-eclipse times from allesfitter for this target (link to Table C1)meta.numberintnullableN-GGNumber of mid-eclipse times from Generalized Gaussian fits for this target (link to Table C2)meta.numberintnullable_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/170/322/tablec1Mid-eclipse times and asymmetric errors (allesfitter)TIC[3816260/1883519478] TESS Input Catalog (IV/39) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDmid[2458327/2460932] Mid-eclipse time; BJD at TDB (mid-bjd)dtime.epochdoublee_BJDmid[3.63e-5/0.011] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty on BJDmid (e_mid-bjd)dstat.error;stat.min;time.epochdoubleE_BJDmid[3.76e-5/0.012] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty on BJDmid (E_mid-bjd)dstat.error;stat.max;time.epochdoubleCycle[1/1240] Eclipse cycle numbermeta.numberintJ/AJ/170/322/tablec2Mid-eclipse times and errors (Generalized Gaussian fits)TIC[3816260/1883519478] TESS Input Catalog (IV/39) identifiermeta.id;meta.mainlongrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeLight-curve source (data-type) (1)meta.notecharBJDmid[2458325/2460531] Mid-eclipse time; BJD at TBD (mid-bjd)dtime.epochdoubleindexede_BJDmid[2.69e-5/0.14] The 1{sigma} uncertainty on BJDmid (e_mid-bjd)dstat.error;time.epochdoubleCycle[-122/1239.5] Eclipse cycle numbermeta.numberfloat