J/AJ/170/320ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/320CDSDeng S.He Z.Ren A.Cui Q.Zhou X.Peng L.Wang C.Chen Z.,Luo Y.Wang K.2026-08-28T13:33:10Z2026-08-28T14:19:15ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersvariable-starsstellar-evolutionary-tracksproper-motionsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxphotometrystellar-agesastrometryClassical Cepheids (CCs) in Galactic open clusters (OCs) provide essential observational constraints for calibrating the period-age relation (PAR) and the period-Wesenheit relation (PWR) of CCs. However, distant and long-period OC Cepheids remain limited, while the confirmed samples still require more precise determinations of their physical properties, such as ages and extinctions. In this work, we present a comprehensive census of OC Cepheids based on an extensive sample of distant OCs from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). By combining astrometric and photometric membership analyses, we identified 110 CCs associated with 102 OCs, of which 41 CCs across 37 OCs were classified as OC Cepheids, while the remaining cases were considered candidate or rejected associations. Our results are consistent with previous studies, while 4 of the 41 OC Cepheids are newly reported here. Using updated cluster parameters derived from manual isochrone fitting, we primarily refined the PAR to log(Age)=(-0.595+/-0.044)log(P)+(8.430+/-0.042) and recalibrated the PWR to W_G_=(-3.615+/-0.083)log(P)+(-2.379+/-0.096). This study expands the sample of confirmed and candidate OC Cepheids. The newly longest-period confirmed OC Cepheid is BM Per (CWNU 3123) with log(P)=1.36, and two newly confirmed longest-period OC Cepheid candidates have distances exceeding 6kpc. Moreover, the PAR and PWR are improved by incorporating refined OC ages and updated parallaxes, respectively.2025AJ....170..320Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/320CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/366 : ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020)III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)J/A+A/498/949 : Veloc. of 1253 F-K dwarfs in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2009)J/ApJ/722/605 : A stellar rotation census of B stars (Huang+, 2010)J/A+A/537/A120 : Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. (Zorec+, 2012)J/MNRAS/434/2238 : Cepheids in open clusters (Anderson+, 2013)J/ApJ/842/42 : Improved reddenings for 59 Galactic Cepheids (Madore+, 2017)J/AcA/67/297 : OGLE Galactic center Cepheids and RR Lyrae (Soszynski+, 2017)J/ApJS/237/28 : WISE catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2018)J/AJ/156/241 : A first cat. of variable stars measured by ATLAS (Heinze+, 2018)J/AcA/68/315 : OGLE Galactic Cepheids (Udalski+, 2018)J/other/NatAs/3.320 : Galactic classical Cepheids catalog (Chen+, 2019)J/ApJ/876/85 : HST observations for LMC Cepheids (Riess+, 2019)J/A+A/625/A14 : Reclassification of Cepheids in the Gaia DR2 (Ripepi+, 2019)J/AcA/69/305 : Northern Galactic disk classical Cepheids (Skowron+, 2019)J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)J/MNRAS/504/356 : Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters (Dias+, 2021)J/ApJ/914/127 : Gaia-ASAS-SN classical Cepheid sample. I. (Inno+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)J/MNRAS/505/5978 : Gaia EDR3 view on Gal. globular clusters (Vasiliev+, 2021)J/A+A/661/A118 : 628 new open clusters with OCfinder (Castro-Ginard+, 2022)J/A+A/668/A13 : Open clusters housing classical Cepheids (Hao+, 2022)J/ApJS/260/8 : 541 new open cluster candidates (He+, 2022)J/A+A/659/A167 : Cepheid Period-Wesenheit-Metallicity relation (Ripepi+, 2022)J/A+A/672/A85 : Galactic Cepheid luminosity scale (Cruz Reyes+, 2023)J/ApJS/264/8 : 1656 new CWNU star clusters (He+, 2023)J/A+A/676/A129 : Gaia-ESO catalogue version 5.1 (Hourihane+, 2023)J/A+A/674/A17 : Gaia Data Release 3. The Cepheids sample (Ripepi+, 2023)J/A+A/686/A42 : Improving the open cluster census. III. (Hunt+, 2024)J/A+A/690/A284 : VELOCE II. spectroscopic binary Cepheids (Shetye+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/320https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/320http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/320https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/320https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/320http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/320GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/320/cepheids (Combined table from original tables)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/320/cepheids?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/320/cepheids?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/320/cepheids?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.01961.3420.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/170/320/table3 (Recalibrated parallax, extinction, distance modulus, and age of open clusters from isochrone fitting)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/320/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/320/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/320/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6.312083361.32611110.0055555555555555566/1432 1653 1836 3045 3047 3050 3059 3062 3157 3159 3190 3263 3304 3306 3633 3721 3724 3843 3849 14059 14237-14239 14295 14297 14400 14402 14404 14409 14412 14424 14455 14606 14624-14625 14653 14660 14737 15424 15434 15437 15448 21656 21658 22219 23637 23663 23668 23778 23936 24359 24364 28717 28730 28913 29081 29088-29089 29521 29523 29533 30222-30223 30244-30245 30256 30268 30695 37245 37335 37721 37723 37745 37849 37865 37867 37870 37904 37928-37930 37934 37939 38026 38539 39357 39700 39748 39789 39831 39888-39889 39895 40580 41461 41526 41605 41674 41696 41703 41765 41768 41831 41833 41842 41862-41863 42153 42213 42378 42438 42500 43013 43035 430571.9867573869263685e-19 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/320?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/170/320/cepheidsCombined table from original tablesIndex[1/110] Internal index number (1)meta.idintprimarySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameIdentifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx[0.091/2.2] Parallax with zero-point correctionmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.028/0.08] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-7.99/3.1] Proper motion along RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.02/0.07] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-8.14/4.92] Proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.02/0.08] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatdplx[0.01/5.47] Astrometric dispersion in parallax (deltaplx) (2)phys.dispMeasure;pos.parallaxfloatdpm[0.14/25.79] Astrometric dispersion in proper motion (deltapm) (2)pos.pm;phys.dispMeasurefloatR[0.08/49.86] Angular distance of classical Cepheid from cluster centerpos.angDistancefloatNoteSource note (3)meta.refcharClusterCluster identifiermeta.id.parentcharf_Name=* Indicates Gaia DR3 (I/355) photometry was adoptedmeta.codecharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 (I/355) identifiermeta.idcharModePulsation mode (5)meta.code;src.varcharPer[0.29/44.99] Perioddtime.periodfloatGmag[5.74/17.48] Gaia G passband intensity-averaged magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatBPmag[6.14/18.19] Gaia Blue passband intensity-averaged magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRPmag[5.14/16.63] Gaia Red passband intensity-averaged magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloat[M/H][-0.18/0.52]? Metallicity of classical Cepheids (3)phys.abund.ZfloatnullableRefReference code for the Classical Cepheid (4)meta.refcharJ/AJ/170/320/table3Recalibrated parallax, extinction, distance modulus, and age of open clusters from isochrone fittingrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndex[1/110] Internal index number (1)meta.idintprimaryClusterCluster identifier (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharplx[0.095/2.311] Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.002/0.025] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatAv[0.05/6.58] V-band extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatDM[8.18/15.11] Distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModfloatlogA[7.0/9.15] Log of agelog(yr)time.agefloate_logA[0.03/0.15] Uncertainty in logAlog(yr)stat.error;time.agefloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRefReference code for the open cluster (2)meta.refchar_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable