J/AJ/170/3ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/3doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/be-5a-3CDSTurtelboom E.V.Dietrich J.Dressing C.D.Harada C.K.D.2026-07-02T11:52:36Z2026-03-23T15:26:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsastronomical-modelsvisible-astronomyradial-velocityMultiplanet system architectures are frequently used to constrain possible formation and evolutionary pathways of observed exoplanets. Therefore, understanding the predictive and descriptive power of empirical exoplanetary system models is critical to understanding their formation histories. We analyze 52 TESS multiplanet systems previously studied using Dynamite, which used TESS data alongside empirical models based on Kepler planets to predict additional planets in each system. We analyze additional TESS data to search for these predicted planets. We thereby evaluate the degree to which these models can be used to predict planets in TESS multiplanet systems. Specifically, we study whether the period ratio method or clustered period model is more predictive. We find that the period ratio model predictions are most consistent with the planets discovered since 2020, accounting for detection sensitivity. However, neither model is highly predictive, highlighting the need for additional data and more nuanced models to describe the full population. Improved eccentricity and dynamical stability prescriptions incorporated into Dynamite provide a modest improvement in the prediction accuracy. We also find that the current sample of 183 TESS multiplanet systems are highly dynamically packed, and appear truncated relative to detection biases. These attributes are consistent with the Kepler sample, and suggest an efficient formation process.2025AJ....170....3Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/3CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/135A : Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/ApJ/693/1084 : Ten new and updated multiplanet systems (Wright+, 2009)J/ApJ/750/113 : Kepler TTVs. II. Confirmed multiplanet systems (Ford+, 2012)J/ApJ/774/L12 : Kepler multiplanet systems analysis (Q1-Q8) (Steffen+, 2013)J/AJ/156/82 : RV characterization of TESS planets (Cloutier+, 2018)J/AJ/157/235 : Observations of the Kepler field with TESS (Christ+, 2019)J/AJ/157/145 : HIRES RVs of three compact, multiplanet systems (Mills+, 2019)J/A+A/633/A53 : TESS planet candidates classification (Osborn+, 2020)J/ApJS/261/26 : Exoplanet host stars from LAMOST, TESS, Kepler & K2 (Su+, 2022)J/AJ/166/33 : TESS-Keck Survey. XV. 108 TESS Planets (MacDougall+, 2023)J/AJ/166/153 : TESS-Keck Survey. XVI. 8 systems Radial velocity (Murphy+, 2023)J/ApJS/272/32 : TKS. XX. Exoplanet masses & orbit parameters (Polanski+, 2024)J/AJ/169/235 : TESS-Keck Survey. XXIV. 47 distant giants RVs (Van Zandt+, 2025)J/AJ/167/189 : Rotation period for 10909 TESS targets (Colman+, 2024)J/AJ/169/76 : Observed & derived parameters of TOI companions (Matson+, 2025)J/AJ/158/243 : A search for multiplanet systems with TESS (Pearson, 2019)http://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/ : ExoFOP websitehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/3https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/3https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/3http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/3GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/3/targets (List of targets (added by CDS))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/3/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/3/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/3/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.7467611-63.49910080.0055555555555555566/215 671 865 1305 1712 3035 3368 3732 4060 4261 4268 4431 4700 5186 5212 5335 6217 6949 7487 7515 7834 8003 8147 8516 9815 10066 10071 10151 10182 10218 10593 10699 11057 11191 11533 11570 11591 11618 11631 11724 11737 11774 11918 11923 11974 12087 12096 12123 12164 12263 14201 14278 14513 14736 14838 14914 14924 14994 15154 15254 15318 15639 15815 15906 15912 15956 15973 15994 16014 16024 16083 16096 16115 16117 16162 16300 16318 16472 16662 16847 17072 17892 18881 19577 19791 20667 20869 21206 21271 21876 21935 22186 22351 22470 23460 23867 24587 25312 26734 26768 27113 27358 27393 27421 28646 32184 32813 32833 32918 32972 32978 32991 33004 33027 33145 33157 33169 33210 33212 33230 33260 33386 33800 33805 33814 33840 33854 33875 33959 33972 34147 34186 34423 34452 34468 34561 35879 35985-35986 36015 36525 37039 37263 37382 37390 37392 37405 37422 37453 37465 37497 37547-37548 37550 37552 37582 38219 38480 38743 38928 38954 38968 39040 39077 39083 39148 39432 39606 40106 40833 41484 41489 43336 43525 43631 44272 45161 45172 45649 45707 45710 47488 47717https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/3?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/170/3/targetsList of targets (added by CDS)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryD20Flag indicating that the target was part of the Dietrich+2020 (2020AJ....160..107D) datasetmeta.codecharCatTICDisplay the TESS Input Catalog v8.2 data (IV/39) for sources within 1"meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/170/3/table2Dynamite V3 predictions for the Dietrich+2020 (2020AJ....160..107D) data set with the Predicted Clustered and Ratio ModelsNameTarget namemeta.idcharPer[0/673]? Period of the new TOI (3)dtime.periodfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTIC[29781292/467179528] Tess Input Catalog identifiermeta.idlongTOI[119/1749] Tess Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintPerPCM[0.6/152.4]? Period from the Predicted Clustered Model (PCM) (1)dtime.periodfloatnullableE_PerPCM[0/41.7]? Upper uncertainty in PerPCMdstat.error;stat.max;time.periodfloatnullablee_PerPCM[0/26]? Lower uncertainty in PerPCMdstat.error;stat.min;time.periodfloatnullableRadPCM[1/3.3]? Radius from the Predicted Clustered Model (PCM) (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_RadPCM[0.3/1.6]? Upper uncertainty in RadPCM(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_RadPCM[0.2/0.9]? Lower uncertainty in RadPCM(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablePerPRM[1.4/80.2]? Period from the Predicted Ratio Model (PRM) (1)dtime.periodfloatnullableE_PerPRM[0.2/32.5]? Upper uncertainty in PerPRMdstat.error;stat.max;time.periodfloatnullablee_PerPRM[0.2/30.8]? Lower uncertainty in PerPRMdstat.error;stat.min;time.periodfloatnullableRadPRM[1.1/3.4]? Radius from the Predicted Ratio Model (PRM) (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullableE_RadPRM[0.3/1.8]? Upper uncertainty in RadPRM(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_RadPRM[0.2/0.9]? Lower uncertainty in RadPRM(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullableTOInew[174/1749.1]? New TOI discovered since 2020 (2)meta.id.assocfloatnullableRad[0.81/3.83]? Radius of the new TOI(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rad[0.07/2.66]? Uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullableJ/AJ/170/3/table3Dynamite V3 predictions for the 2024 data set with the Period Clustered ModelNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPer[0.69/692.2] Perioddtime.periodfloatE_Per[0/61.3] Upper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.max;time.periodfloate_Per[0/79.1] Lower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.min;time.periodfloatRad[0.9/9.9] Radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.2/10.4] Upper uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.2/2.3] Lower uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatMass[0.8/65.1] Planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mass[1.1/148.9] Upper uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloate_Mass[0.5/21.9] Lower uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloati[81.1/91.3] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_i[0.8/44.7] Upper uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_i[0.8/44] Lower uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloate[0.01/0.08] Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_e[0.01/0.07] Upper uncertainty in estat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.eccentricityfloate_e[0.008/0.04] Lower uncertainty in estat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.eccentricityfloatDepth[63/13170] Transit depth(10-6)src.var.amplitudeintE_Depth[47/17400] Upper uncertainty in Depth(10-6)stat.error;stat.max;src.var.amplitudeinte_Depth[32/11230] Lower uncertainty in Depth(10-6)stat.error;stat.min;src.var.amplitudeintProb[0.009/1] Transit probabilitystat.probabilityfloatE_Prob[0.001/0.74] Upper uncertainty in Probstat.error;stat.max;stat.probabilityfloate_Prob[0.001/0.81] Lower uncertainty in Probstat.error;stat.min;stat.probabilityfloatRVel[0.23/16] Radial velocity semi-amplitudem/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatE_RVel[0.18/42.41] Upper uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel[0.18/8.89] Lower uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.dopplerVelocfloatJ/AJ/170/3/table4Dynamite V3 predictions for the 2024 data set with the Period Ratio ModelNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPer[2.5/692.2] Perioddtime.periodfloatE_Per[0.1/127.5] Upper uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.max;time.periodfloate_Per[0/77.6] Lower uncertainty in Perdstat.error;stat.min;time.periodfloatRad[1.1/12.2] Radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.3/15] Upper uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.28/3.1] Lower uncertainty in Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatMass[1.25/90] Planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mass[2.1/5383.1] Upper uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloate_Mass[0.79/33.4] Lower uncertainty in Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloati[80.3/90.6] Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_i[1.1/43.4] Upper uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_i[0.8/43.2] Lower uncertainty in idegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloate[0.01/0.08] Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatE_e[0.01/0.08] Upper uncertainty in estat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.eccentricityfloate_e[0.008/0.04] Lower uncertainty in estat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.eccentricityfloatDepth[91/19880] Transit depth(10-6)src.var.amplitudeintE_Depth[68/70700] Upper uncertainty in Depth(10-6)stat.error;stat.max;src.var.amplitudeinte_Depth[48/23040] Lower uncertainty in Depth(10-6)stat.error;stat.min;src.var.amplitudeintProb[0.01/0.98] Transit probabilitystat.probabilityfloatE_Prob[0.004/0.77] Upper uncertainty in Probstat.error;stat.max;stat.probabilityfloate_Prob[0.001/0.009] Lower uncertainty in Probstat.error;stat.min;stat.probabilityfloatRVel[0.2/25.4] Radial velocity semi-amplitudem/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatE_RVel[0.35/511.7] Upper uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;stat.max;spect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel[0.16/14.6] Lower uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;stat.min;spect.dopplerVelocfloat