J/AJ/170/216ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/216CDSBurt J.A.Zellem R.T.Ciardi D.R.Kanodia S.Bryden G.Kataria T.,Pearson K.A.Christiansen J.L.Beichman C.Fulton B.J.Swain M.2026-07-17T10:04:14Z2026-07-17T09:56:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-massesstellar-radiichemical-abundancesastronomical-modelsstellar-atmospheresTransiting exoplanet atmospheric characterization is currently in a golden age as dozens of exoplanet atmospheres are being studied by NASA's Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes. This trend is expected to continue with NASA's Pandora Smallsat and Roman Space Telescope and ESA's Ariel mission (all expected to launch within this decade) and NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory (expected to launch in the early 2040s), all of which are centered around studying the atmospheres of exoplanets. Here, we explore a new approach to constructing large-scale exoatmospheric survey lists, which combines the use of traditional transmission/emission spectroscopy figures of merit with a focus on more evenly sampling planets across a range of radii and equilibrium temperatures. After assembling a sample target list comprised of 750 transmission spectroscopy targets and 150 emission spectroscopy targets, we quantify the potential time lost to stale transit and eclipse ephemerides and find that hundreds of hours of space-based observing could be wasted given current uncertainties in orbital periods, transit epochs, and orbital eccentricities. We further estimate the amount of ground-based telescope time necessary to obtain sufficiently precise exoplanet masses and find that it exceeds 100 nights of 10m telescope time. Based upon these findings, we provide a list of recommendations that would make community efforts for the preparation and interpretation of atmospheric characterization endeavors more effective and efficient. The strategies we recommend here can be used to support both current (e.g., Hubble Space Telescope and JWST) and future exoplanet atmosphere characterization missions (e.g., Pandora, Ariel, Roman, and the Habitable Worlds Observatory).2025AJ....170..216Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/216CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/AJ/141/166 : HATNet variability survey of K and M dwarfs (Hartman+, 2011)J/ApJ/796/48 : Potential exoplanet targets: Palomar/TripleSpec (Zellem+, 2014)J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive probabilities Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metall. relation for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)J/AJ/156/82 : RV characterization of TESS planets (Cloutier+, 2018)J/MNRAS/474/5158 : Stars with hot Jupiter exoplanets (Goyal+, 2018)J/AJ/157/242 : Updated study of potential targets for Ariel (Edwards+, 2019)J/AJ/161/130 : List of 100 targets for NEID Earth Twin Survey (Gupta+, 2021)J/MNRAS/507/1847 : A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d (Rajpaul+, 2021)J/AJ/164/15 : Exoplanets as Ariel's potential targets (Edwards+, 2022)J/AJ/164/178 : Archival radial velocities of HD 80606 (Pearson+, 2022)J/MNRAS/510/3449 : KOI planets and KIC stars from Kepler DR25 (Bashi+, 2022)J/AJ/163/171 : The EXPRES Stellar Signals Project. II. RVel (Zhao+, 2022)J/ApJS/265/4 : ExoClock proj. III. 450 exoplanet ephemerides (Kokori+, 2023)J/AJ/167/233 : Best-in-class TOIs for atmos. characterisation (Hord+, 2024)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archive websitehttp://tev.mit.edu/ : TESS Exoplanet Vetter (TEV) websitehttp://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/ : Exoplanet Follow-up Observing Programhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/216https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/216http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/216https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/216https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/216http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/216GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/216/fig1 (Mass and radius measurements for our of 917 confirmed planet (Data behind Figure 1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/216/fig1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/216/fig1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/216/fig1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.382232238.12747140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/170/216/fig3 (Physical and orbital parameters of known and TESS/Kepler planet candidates, and their host stars (Data behind Figure 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/216/fig3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/216/fig3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/216/fig3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true99.237983-58.0152370.0055555555555555564/922-923 933-935 945-946 5/3645-3646 3683 3704 3706 3730-3731 3776-3778 3789 3792 9909 6/41 62 87 93 119 124-125 134 148 156 161 167 190 215 222 231 253 256 267 270 275 279 282 285 313 322 328 340 353-354 368 372 376 391 396-397 404 406 413-414 420 427 430 437 445 450 460 464 467 490 542-543 600 607 644 661 671 697 699 723 727-728 732 735 755 779 789-790 822-823 832 849 863 865 871 876 913 918 948 954 957 990 1002 1011 1020 1024 1026-1027 1032 1035-1036 1052 1064 1066 1069 1077 1082-1083 1145 1151 1170 1202 1211 1222 1225 1237 1271 1275 1286 1292 1303 1305 1310 1315 1319 1336 1339 1378 1401 1447 1508 1513 1526 1539 1583 1585 1662 1688 1698 1712 1725 1738 1758 1781 1783 1793 1814-1815 1823 1836 1841 1850 1894 1903-1904 1920 1934 1938 1969-1972 1974 1978 2000 2056 2159-2160 2176-2177 2214 2243 2250 2257 2296-2297 2308 2313 2316 2319 2329 2335 2337 2341 2351-2353 2375 2380 2404 2412 2416 2426 2481 2498 2500 2532 2539 2543 2551 2555 2577 2581 2584 2589 2596 2626 2638 2656 2669 2687 2694 2696 2708 2711 2715 2734 2737 2740 2744 2751-2752 2783 2789 2791 2800 2818 2838 2856 2859 2864 2873 2883 2889 2891 2895 2914 2936 2941 2953 2957 2970-2971 2987 2996 3006 3009-3010 3012-3014 3024 3028 3032 3035 3042-3043 3045 3048 3057 3070 3073 3122 3141 3191 3199 3211 3219 3227 3249 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36667 36694 36703 36712 36750 36772 36794 36837 36864 36868 36871 36878 36888 36893 36902 36911 36914 36930 36941 36947 36961 36965-36966 36972 36974 36983 36997 37009 37014 37020 37027 37029 37039 37041 37060 37068 37091 37105 37116 37120-37121 37143 37146 37156-37157 37159 37165 37169 37174 37178 37181 37185 37194 37199 37210 37217 37230 37246-37247 37263 37267 37274 37276 37283 37287 37291 37300-37301 37305 37309 37313 37317 37321 37324 37328-37329 37331 37341 37344 37350 37375 37380 37382 37390-37393 37395 37397 37402 37405 37409 37414 37416 37421-37422 37426 37434 37437 37439 37448 37453 37460 37464-37465 37472 37478 37484 37486-37487 37497 37518-37519 37532 37547-37548 37550-37552 37555 37561 37578 37581-37582 37588 37591 37604 37607-37608 37614-37615 37637 37649 37655-37656 37659 37678 37686 37693 37696 37750-37751 37770 37775 37839 37877 37880 37883 37887 37923 37925 37935 37947 37963 37970 37989 37994 38026-38027 38037 38048 38050 38059 38064 38066-38068 38076 38096 38099 38101 38115 38117 38129 38143 38156 38198-38199 38204 38233 38248 38253 38263 38266 38273 38279 38282 38315 38345 38348 38355 38376 38379 38381 38386 38393 38416 38425 38429-38430 38434-38436 38441 38450 38452 38456 38464 38477 38480 38513 38515 38560 38562 38579 38582 38595 38608-38609 38611 38615 38619 38635 38639-38640 38645 38670 38694 38713 38727 38729-38730 38739 38743 38746 38758 38772 38783 38795-38796 38809 38811-38812 38842 38875 38883 38886 38898 38904 38910 38914 38917 38927-38928 38946 38954 38959 38965 38968 38971 38979 38982-38983 39006-39007 39009-39010 39014 39016 39025-39028 39032 39034 39040 39046-39049 39056-39057 39068 39077 39079-39080 39083-39084 39090 39102 39115 39118 39128-39129 39148 39159 39164 39176 39181-39182 39198-39199 39204 39210 39212 39233 39247 39249 39255 39263 39272 39287 39309 39321 39323 39333 39352-39353 39371 39399 39403 39428 39432-39433 39438 39441 39474-39475 39479 39484 39487 39490 39493 39497-39498 39504 39512 39516 39522 39532 39542 39548-39549 39573-39574 39578 39580 39588 39595 39605-39606 39609 39611 39630 39633 39652 39667 39673 39682-39683 39725 39733 39748 39760 39767 39774 39794 39812 39814 39823 39826 39829 39843 39851 39882 39902 39953 39980 39986 39990-39991 39995 40006 40014 40022 40080 40106 40119 40189 40194 40203 40207 40220-40221 40229 40232 40250-40251 40293 40315 40320 40331 40341 40347 40361 40382 40404 40408 40424 40442-40443 40449 40456 40472 40476 40478 40553-40554 40562 40573 40584 40586 40588 40600-40601 40605 40651 40667-40669 40672-40673 40687 40714 40729 40741 40754 40760 40772 40799 40833-40834 40862 40864 40874 40908 40932 40945 40965 40968 40970 40989 41000 41009 41012-41013 41015 41022 41041 41048 41062 41092 41100 41109 41112-41113 41122-41123 41134 41141 41160 41176 41179 41192-41193 41218 41224 41226 41228 41240 41246 41268-41269 41274 41276 41280 41286 41294-41295 41306 41331 41359-41360 41363 41371 41373 41377 41386 41388 41409 41423 41435 41448 41461 41482 41484 41489 41497 41502 41508 41510-41511 41513-41514 41517 41539-41540 41546 41549 41559 41578 41600 41606 41610 41640 41686 41688 41696-41697 41710 41776 41786 41838 41882 41890-41891 41906 41941 41947 41953 41962 41967 41986 41991-41992 42001 42005 42014-42016 42036 42048 42054 42065 42067 42080 42082 42103 42114 42128 42131 42138 42150 42245 42249 42262 42267 42277 42295 42299 42317 42376 42412 42424 42522 42537 42543 42588 42633-42634 42643 42648 42654 42659 42687 42759 42762 42827 42865 42883 42897 42936 42938 42984 42986 42989 43009 43017 43022 43029 43035 43064-43065 43079 43085 43089 43100 43127 43130 43132 43135 43139 43157 43180 43194 43220 43239 43248 43257 43265 43269-43270 43298 43304 43319 43336 43376 43393 43397 43409 43428 43432 43437 43442 43456 43468 43472 43499 43518 43525 43536-43537 43541 43544 43551 43553 43565 43572 43574 43576 43579-43580 43586 43617 43623 43625 43631 43652 43656 43664 43668 43670-43671 43734 43738 43746 43753 43762-43763 43775 43783 43785 43794 43820 43822 43850 43861-43865 43878 43886 43910 43916-43917 43922 43928 43960 43970 43999 44015 44032 44041-44042 44045-44046 44058 44104 44116 44159 44162 44164 44169 44171 44183 44200 44203 44214 44222 44233 44272 44317 44334-44335 44370 44377-44378 44384 44431 44436 44463 44471 44474 44512 44552 44565 44648 44650 44672 44677 44685 44728 44816 44888 44892 45041 45051 45058 45065 45068 45088 45097 45102 45105-45106 45111 45113 45133 45138 45140 45150 45161 45165-45166 45169 45172 45203 45217 45222 45224 45227-45228 45231 45235-45236 45245 45272 45287 45304 45314 45343 45372 45380 45382 45392 45442 45472 45477 45481 45527 45544 45553 45574 45608 45611 45614 45620 45632 45635 45649 45660 45681 45688 45703 45707 45710 45727 45730 45735 45737 45748 45759 45766 45780 45787 45793-45794 45799-45800 45830 45855 45878 45882 45890 45922 45928 45954 45964 45966 45985 45992-45993 46058 46092 46109 46118 46121 46128 46135 46165 46172 46182 46195 46236 46242 46316 46322 46333 46338 46343 46384 46388 46394 46414 46421-46422 46429 46437 46439 46446 46452 46462-46463 46469 46476 46479 46546 46557 46602 46616 46629 46637 46641 46651 46653 46697 46717 46738 46771 46775 46785 46789 46850 46864 46887 46908 46913 46949 46952 46981 47000 47015 47030-47031 47083 47088 47106 47122 47124-47125 47133 47140 47146 47155 47161-47162 47166-47168 47179 47186 47189 47194 47205 47207-47208 47218 47236 47250 47266 47278-47279 47307 47310 47325 47327-47328 47330 47338 47380 47384-47385 47387 47432-47433 47435 47449 47456 47475-47477 47482 47488 47499 47502 47519 47597 47624 47645 47649 47658 47663 47673 47681 47717 47728 47737 47749 47756 47762 47779 47792 47809 47815 47826 47838 47852 47879 47886 47900 47910 47923 47949 48005 48014 48018 48068 48076 48082 48098 48113-48114 48117 48121 48130 48160 48164-48165 48169 48178 48220 48251 48274 48279 48293 48295 48327 48338 48353 48358 48364 48501 48503 48518 48521 48597 48604 48627 48674 48727 48729 48747 48803 48895 48945 49009 49047 49093 49103 49109 49111 491451.1166583743361574e-19 1.2918781580533825e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/216?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/170/216/fig1Mass and radius measurements for our of 917 confirmed planet (Data behind Figure 1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharPer[0.28/4.02e+8]? Planet orbital period (1)dtime.perioddoublenullableRp[0.64/22.76] Planetary radius (1)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableE_Rp[0.01/7.4] Upper uncertainty on Rp (1)(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rp[0/7.18] Lower uncertainty on Rp (1)(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatRp-sigma[2.18/370.8] Radius sigmastat.stdev;phys.size.radiusdoubleMp[0.07/6883.91] Planetary mass (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoubleE_Mp[0.012/1000] Upper uncertainty on Mp (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.max;phys.massdoublee_Mp[0.012/1000] Lower uncertainty on Mp (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.min;phys.massdoubleMp-sigma[2/168.22] Mass sigmastat.stdev;phys.massdoubleFig3Link to data behind Figure 3 for this planetmeta.numberintnullable_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/170/216/fig3Physical and orbital parameters of known and TESS/Kepler planet candidates, and their host stars (Data behind Figure 3)NameObject of interest designation, TESS (IV/39) or KOI (J/ApJS/217/31)meta.id;meta.mainchar[Fe/H][-0.95/0.56]? Host star [Fe/H] (metStar)phys.abund.FefloatnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[5.56/18] V band (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VdoubleHmag[3.46/15.43] 2MASS (II/246) H band (Vega) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hdouble[C/O]atm[-0.26] Log of the atmospheric carbon to oxygen ratio (logCtoO)phys.abundfloatmu[2.35/8.99] Mean molecular weight, atomic molecular units (mmw) (2)phys.atmol.weightfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDispDisposition from NASA Exoplanet Archive and TESS Follow Up Observing Program (3)meta.codecharPer[0.16/1693.67] Planet orbital perioddtime.perioddoublee_Per[0/0.94] Uncertainty in Perdstat.error;time.perioddoubleEpoch[2.45e+6/2.47e+6] Time of conjunction, Barycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoublee_Epoch[2e-7/1.62] Uncertainty in Epochdstat.error;time.epochdoubleDur[0.13/34.84]? Transit durationhtime.durationdoublenullableRp[0.69/22.76] Planetary radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusdoublea/Rstar[0.98/1772]? Ratio, orbital semi-major axis to stellar radiusphys.size;arith.ratiodoublenullablee[0/0.996] Planetary eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublee_e[0/0.42]? Uncertainty in estat.error;src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableomega[-210/359.89] Longitude of periastrondegsrc.orbital.periastrondoublee_omega[0/245]? Uncertainty in omegadegstat.error;src.orbital.periastrondoublenullableecosw[-0.71/0.7] Planetary eccentricity * cos omegasrc.orbital.eccentricitydoubler_eReference on e (1)meta.bib;src.orbital.eccentricitycharMp[0.63/7310.06] Planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublee_Mp[0.05/635.66]? Uncertainty in Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massdoublenullableK[1/2277.39] RV Semi-amplitude (2)m/sphys.veloc;src.orbitaldoubleMp-sigma-need[0/5] Required mass measurement precision (mass-sigma-needed)stat.error;phys.massintMp-sigma[0/168.22]? Current planet mass measurement precisionstat.error;phys.massdoublenullablelogg-p[0.2/3.97] Log of planetary surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleTeq-p[62.78/2740] Planet equilibrium temperature (2)Kphys.temperaturedoubleTeff[2839/6249] Host Star Effective TemperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatMstar[0.13/2.74] Host star masssolMassphys.massdoubleRstar[0.013/8.99] Host star radiussolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleFoM-trans[3.07e-5/27.26] Transmission spectroscopy figure of meritmeta.code.qualdoubleFoM-emiss[1.39e-59/0.21] Emission spectroscopy figure of meritmeta.code.qualdoubleDepth[2.11e-61/5.59e-3] Eclipse depthsrc.var.amplitudedoubleFig1Link to data behind Figure 1 for this planetmeta.numberintnullable