J/AJ/170/182ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/170/182CDSPolanski A.S.Crossfield I.J.M.Seifahrt A.Bean J.L.Brande J.,Collins K.A.Coria D.R.Fukui A.Narita N.Sturmer J.Giacalone S.,Kasper D.2026-10-10T20:30:33Z2026-07-08T13:32:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyspectroscopydwarf-starsinfrared-photometrybroad-band-photometrym-starsstellar-radiieffective-temperatureWe present the Rossiter-McLaughlin measurement of the sub-Neptune TOI-1759A b with MAROON-X. A joint analysis with MuSCAT3 photometry and nine additional TESS transits produces a sky-projected obliquity of |{lambda}|=4{deg}+/-18{deg}. We also derive a true obliquity of {psi}=24{deg}+/-12{deg} making this planet consistent with full alignment albeit to <1{sigma}. With a period of 18.85days and an a/R* of 40, TOI-1759A b is the longest period single sub-Neptune to have a measured obliquity. It joins a growing number of smaller planets which have had this measurement made and, along with K2-25 b, is the only single, aligned sub-Neptune known to date. We also provide an overview of the emerging distribution of obliquity measurements for planets with R<8R_{Earth}_. We find that these types of planets tend toward alignment, especially the sub-Neptunes and super-Earths, implying a dynamically cool formation history. The majority of misaligned planets in this category have 4<R<=8R_{Earth}_ and are more likely to be isolated than planets rather than in compact systems. We find this result to be significant at the 3{sigma} level, consistent with previous studies. In addition, we conduct injection and recovery testing on available archival radial velocity data to put limits on the presence of massive companions in these systems. Current archival data is insufficient for most systems to have detected a giant planet.2025AJ....170..182Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/170/182CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/524/A25 : Radial Velocities on 6 exoplanet host stars (Triaud+, 2010)J/A+A/534/A16 : WASP-22 and WASP-26 photometry and velocities (Anderson+, 2011)J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)J/A+A/527/L11 : HAT-P-6 radial velocity curve (Hebrard+, 2011)J/A+A/546/A27 : Radial velocity and photometry for GJ3470 (Bonfils+, 2012)J/ApJ/801/3 : Rotation periods for Q3-Q14 KOIs (Mazeh+, 2015)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/A+A/619/A1 : 55 Cnc radial velocities and photometry (Bourrier+, 2018)J/AJ/156/147 : RV and activity measurements of Kepler-1656 (Brady+, 2018)J/A+A/610/A63 : WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b (Demangeon+, 2018)J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+, 2018)J/AJ/157/97 : Radial velocity measurements of K2-3 & GJ3470 (Kosiarek+, 2019)J/AJ/157/145 : HIRES RVs of three compact, multiplanet systems (Mills+, 2019)J/A+A/642/A31 : pi Men radial velocity curves (Damasso+, 2020)J/AJ/160/222 : RVs and RI-photometry of HATS-37 and HATS-38 (Jordan+, 2020)J/AJ/160/192 : Photometry and RVs of K2-25b with HPF (Stefansson+, 2020)J/MNRAS/491/5248 : Pan-Pacific Planet Search (PPPS). VIII. (Wittenmyer+, 2020)J/AJ/161/68 : Obliquities of 150 hot Kepler hosting stars (Louden+, 2021)J/AJ/161/70 : RVs for WASP-107 with HIRES & CORALIE (Piaulet+, 2021)J/ApJS/255/8 : The California Legacy Surv. I. Planet cat. (Rosenthal+, 2021)J/AJ/161/119 : The TESS-Keck survey. IV. Rvel for WASP-107 (Rubenzahl+, 2021)J/AJ/163/160 : Properties of 170 TOI hosts and companions (Behmard+, 2022)J/A+A/668/A31 : A CHEOPS-enhanced view of the HD3167 system (Bourrier+, 2022)J/AJ/163/133 : VRI photometry & radial velocity of TOI-1759 (Espinoza+, 2022)J/AJ/163/247 : HIRES, PEPSI & TRES RVs of V1298 Tau (Johnson+, 2022)J/AJ/163/101 : TESS-Keck survey. IX. RVs of HD1919139 (Lubin+, 2022)J/A+A/660/A86 : Detection and characterization of TOI-1759 b (Martioli+, 2022)J/AJ/164/104 : NEID and HIRES radial velocity of TOI-1478 (Rice+, 2022)J/ApJ/931/L15 : Obs. of two transits of GJ 3470b with NEID (Stefansson+, 2022)J/AJ/165/88 : Radial velocity follow up of TOI-561 b (Brinkman+, 2023)J/AJ/165/33 : HIRES TOI-1136s planets & planet b RVs (Dai+, 2023)J/ApJ/944/L41 : In-transit sp. and phot. obs. of TOI-2076b (Frazier+, 2023)J/AJ/167/70 : TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. TOI-1136 RVs (Beard+, 2024)J/AJ/168/185 : HATS-38b & WASP-139b: LCs & RVs (Espinoza-Retamal+, 2024)J/A+A/689/A302 : Multiplicity of stars with planets (Gonzalez-Payo+, 2024)J/A+A/690/A379 : Obliquities of exoplanet host stars (Knudstrup+, 2024)J/AJ/168/196 : HD 191939 exoplanet system radial velocities (Lubin+, 2024)J/ApJS/272/32 : TKS. XX. Exoplanet masses & orbit parameters (Polanski+, 2024)J/AJ/168/116 : NEID RVs of TOI-5126 and TOI-5398 (Radzom+, 2024)J/A+A/693/A228 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. IX. (Cifuentes+, 2025)J/AJ/170/70 : RV & LCs of 8 gas giant systems (Espinoza-Retamal+, 2025)J/AJ/169/109 : Radial velocities of TOI-1266 from MAROON-X (Tyler+, 2025)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/182https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/182http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/170/182https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/182https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/182http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/170/182GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/170/182/tablec1 (Properties of systems with measured obliquity {lambda} (Rp<8Rgeo))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/182/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/182/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/170/182/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true286.638392239.48787750.0055555555555555566/368 4431 4632 4651 5009 6217 10593 11918 14825 14923-14924 14945 15153 15748 15973 17865 18147 18726 21137 23531 26278 27548 27847 28055 28548 32848 38883 40251 44378 44436 48274https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/170/182?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/170/182/tablec1Properties of systems with measured obliquity {lambda} (Rp<8Rgeo)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlamErr[2.65/49] Mean obliquity errorstat.error;stat.mean;src.orbital.inclinationfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSystemSystemmeta.id;meta.maincharRefReferences (1)meta.refcharnStar[1/3] System stellar multiplicitymeta.numberintnPl[1/7] System planet multiplicitymeta.numberintlambda[-110/173] Sky-projected obliquitydegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_lambda[2.7/50] Upper uncertainty for Lambdadegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_lambda[2.6/53] Lower uncertainty for Lambdadegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloatTeff[2566/6354] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintE_Teff[18/120] Upper uncertainty for TeffKstat.error;stat.max;phys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[18/130] Lower uncertainty for TeffKstat.error;stat.min;phys.temperature.effectiveintRp[0.92/7.4] Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Rp[0.013/0.53] Upper uncertainty for Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloate_Rp[0.012/0.53] Lower uncertainty for Rp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatPer[0.73/31.58] Planet orbital period, daysdtime.perioddoubleE_Per[3.4e-8/10.4]? Upper uncertainty for Perdstat.error;stat.max;time.perioddoublenullablee_Per[3.4e-8/10.4]? Lower uncertainty for Perdstat.error;stat.min;time.perioddoublenullablea/R*[3.52/69.55] Orbital semi-major axis in units of stellar radiusphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatE_a/R*[0.01/5.8] Upper uncertainty for a/R*stat.error;stat.max;phys.angSize.smajAxisfloate_a/R*[0.01/5.8] Lower uncertainty for a/R*stat.error;stat.min;phys.angSize.smajAxisfloat_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/170/182/tablee1MAROON-X radial velocities for TOI-1759ABJD[2459442/2459444] Barycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRVel[-2.66/3.76] Radial velocity, in the MAROON-X armm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVel[0.86/1.58] Uncertainty in RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatSNR[107/232] Peak signal to noise ratiostat.snr;stat.maxintExpTime[600] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintDrift[0.27/0.32] Radial velocity drift correctionm/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloatBERV[9.42/9.76] Barycentric correction from SERVALkm/sphys.veloc;arith.diff;pos.barycenterfloatfw-BERV[9.42/9.76] Flux-weighted midpoint barycentric correctionkm/sphys.veloc;arith.diff;pos.barycenterfloatnom-BERV[9.43/9.76] Geometric midpoint barycentric correctionkm/sphys.veloc;arith.diff;pos.barycenterfloatVref[-61.33] System velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatAM[1.37/2.04] Airmass of observationobs.airMassfloatdLW[0.7/11.1] Differential line widthspect.line.widthfloate_dLW[1.3/2.6] Uncertainty in dLWstat.error;spect.line.width;arith.difffloatCRX[-59.5/24.1] Chromatic indexspect.indexfloate_CRX[8.0/45.5] Uncertainty in CRXstat.error;spect.index;arith.difffloatCaIRT1[0.56/0.58]? Ca II infrared triplet indicator at 849.8nmspect.indexdoublenullablee_CaIRT1[5.8e-4/7.4e-4]? Uncertainty in IRT1stat.error;spect.indexdoublenullableCaIRT2[0.5/0.52]? Ca II infrared triplet indicator at 854.2nmspect.indexdoublenullablee_CaIRT2[6.4e-4/8.1e-4]? Uncertainty in IRT2stat.error;spect.indexdoublenullableCaIRT3[0.47/0.49]? Ca II infrared triplet indicator at 866.2nmspect.indexdoublenullablee_CaIRT3[6.2e-4/7.9e-4]? Uncertainty in IRT3stat.error;spect.indexdoublenullableHalpha[0.43/0.46]? Hydrogen alpha indicator at 656.4nmspect.index;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_Halpha[1.6e-3/2.1e-3]? Uncertaiunty in Halphastat.error;spect.index;em.line.HalphafloatnullableNaD1[0.182/0.191]? Na D indicator at 589.0nmspect.indexfloatnullablee_NaD1[8e-4/1.9e-3]? Uncertainty in NaD1stat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableNaD2[0.2/0.22]? Na D indicator at 589.6nmspect.indexfloatnullablee_NaD2[9e-4/1.9e-3]? Uncertainty in NaD2stat.error;spect.indexfloatnullableArmArm of MAROON-X (1)meta.id;instrchar