J/AJ/169/76ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/169/76doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/be-59-2cCDSMatson R.A.Gore R.Howell S.B.Ciardi D.R.Christiansen J.L.,Clark C.A.Crossfield I.J.M.Fajardo-Acosta S.B.Fernandes R.B.,Furlan E.Gilbert E.A.Gonzales E.Lester K.V.Lund M.B.,Matthews E.C.Polanski A.S.Schlieder J.E.Ziegler C.2026-07-02T11:52:25Z2025-12-18T09:58:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsinfrared-photometryexoplanetsdwarf-starsm-starsvisible-astronomyM dwarfs have become increasingly important in the detection of exoplanets and the study of Earth-sized planets and their habitability. However, 20%-30% of M dwarfs have companions that can impact the formation and evolution of planetary systems. We use high-resolution imaging and Gaia astrometry to detect stellar companions around M dwarf exoplanet hosts discovered by TESS and determine the projected separation and estimated stellar masses for each system. We find 47 companions around 216 M dwarfs and a multiplicity rate of 19.4+/-2.7% that is consistent with field M dwarfs. The binary projected separation distribution is shifted to larger separations, confirming the lack of close binaries hosting transiting exoplanets seen in previous studies. We correct the radii of planets with nearby companions and examine the properties of planets in M dwarf multistar systems. We also note three multiplanet systems that occur in close binaries (<=50AU) where planet formation is expected to be suppressed.2025AJ....169...76Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/169/76CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+A/450/68 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)J/AJ/139/2566 : SLoWPoKES catalog (Dhital+, 2010)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/AJ/141/45 : Speckle observations of HIP stars (Horch+, 2011)J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)J/ApJS/192/2 : A Bayesian search for binaries in Hipparcos (Shaya+, 2011)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/AJ/150/57 : SLoWPoKES-II catalog (Dhital+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/45 : Potentially habitable planets orbit. M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)J/ApJ/814/130 : Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/2618 : M-dwarfs in Multiples (MinMs) survey. I. (Ward-Duong+, 2015)J/AJ/152/8 : Impact of stellar multiplicity on planetary syst.I. (Kraus+, 2016)J/AJ/153/25 : Near-infrared observations of 84 KOI systems (Atkinson+, 2017)J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation program. I. Imaging (Furlan+, 2017)J/MNRAS/480/4884 : Gaia wide binaries (El-Badry+, 2018)J/AJ/156/83 : Effect of stellar companions on planetary syst. (Ziegler+, 2018)J/AJ/156/259 : Robo-AO detected close binaries in Gaia DR2 (Ziegler+, 2018)J/AJ/157/211 : Unresolved binaries in TESS with speckle imaging (Matson+, 2019)J/AJ/157/216 : Stell multiplicity rate of M dwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)J/AJ/159/211 : Exoplanets parameters from Kepler and K2 (Cloutier+, 2020)J/ApJS/247/66 : SUPERWIDE: wide binaries in Gaia & SUPERBLINK (Hartman+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/107 : Spectroscopic binary multiplicity with Robo-AO (Laos+, 2020)J/AN/341/996 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/58 : TIC star exposure times for JWST, LUVOIR and OST (Suissa+, 2020)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/A+A/650/A190 : Wide companions to M and L subdwarfs (Gonzalez-Payo+, 2021)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)J/AJ/161/134 : Survey of stellar & planetary comp. within 25pc (Hirsch+, 2021)J/AJ/161/164 : Observation of 186 TESS stars with NESSI (WYIN) (Howell+, 2021)J/AJ/162/75 : Speckle obs. TESS exoplanet host stars. II. (Lester+, 2021)J/AN/342/840 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2021)J/A+A/650/A201 : 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era first update (Reyle+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)J/AJ/162/192 : SOAR TESS surv.II. Impact of stellar companions (Ziegler+, 2021)J/AJ/163/160 : Properties of 170 TOI hosts and companions (Behmard+, 2022)J/AJ/163/168 : Photometry and radial velocity of LTT 1445A (Winters+, 2022)J/AN/343/24017 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2022)J/AJ/165/265 : Properties of 363 M-dwarfs from TESS (Ment+, 2023)J/AN/344/55 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2023)J/AJ/167/56 : The POKEMON Speckle Survey of nearby M dwarfs.II. (Clark+, 2024)J/AJ/167/174 : The POKEMON Speckle Surv. of Nearby M Dwarfs.III. (Clark+, 2024)J/A+A/686/A232 : AstraLux-TESS planet candidates (Lillo-Box+, 2024)J/MNRAS/527/3183 : (Sub)Stellar companions of exoplanet hosts (Michel+ 2024)J/AJ/167/89 : Architectures of S* Transit. Planets in Binar.I. (Zhang+, 2024)http://exofop.ipac.caltech.edu/tess/ : TESS Exoplanet Follow-up Observinghttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/76https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/76http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/76https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/76https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/76http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/76GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/169/76/table1 (M star TOIs with TIC and Gaia DR3 designations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/76/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/76/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/76/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true332.9470806-58.945070.0055555555555555566/474 1208 1271 1585 1793 1920 2864 3009 3035 3256 3309 3361 3437 3647 3801 3900 4060 4443 4617 4651 4670 4698 4867-4868 5212 5659 6949 6990 7347 7418 7670 7888 7951 8003 9029 9179 9263 9373 9750 10066 10089 10102 10105 10218 11191 11238 11573 11627 11669 11719 11736 11739 11763 11774 11923 11974 12195 12286 13082 13091 13242 13269 13294 13898 14190 14244 14381 14579 14591 14617 14639 14709 14733 14740 14896 15224 15254 15260 15316 15378 15386 15481 15519 15558 15629 15635 15791 15824 15878 15935 15951 16074 16092 16094 16117 16142 16275 16489 16551 16581 16588 16592 16722 16847 17013 17072 17278 17283 17693 17750 17903 17965 18220 18225 18364 18632 19732 19791 20476 20535 20713 21079 21293 21297 21562 21828 21986 22038 22066 22227 22257 22284 22661 22691 22811 22883 23415 23529 23531 23714 23732 23826 23864 23867 24087 24527 24587 24672 24816 24878 25193 25312 25373 26538 26708 26734 26768 26920 27332 27847 28279 28394 28548 28685 28721 31983 32730 32827 32831 32863 33022 33025 33041 33148 33164 33206 33226 33240 33341 33393 33470 33516 33792 33802 33851 33898 33908 33972 34005 34301 34419 34440 34468 34499 34537 34561 34656 34658 34694 34718 34751 34825 35057 35534 35869 35926 36112 36116 36374 36614 36640 36643 36716 36972 37116 37157 37342 37360 37392-37393 37395 37398 37405 37453 37465 37548 37654 37714 37854 37908 37929-37930 38067 38101 38133 38345 38376 38401 38456 38464 38957 38990 39054 39080 39083 39164 39195 39209 39232 39318 39409 39420 39432 39672 39767 39875 40116 40250 40341 40363 40425 40492 40554 40595 40673 40754 40772 41015 41448 41482 41513 41583 41757 42106 42267 42376 42897 43393 43437 43551 43794 43861-43862 43910 44590 45065 45102 45106 45113 45161 45165 45372 45553 45964 46002 46128 46151 46236 46338 46975 47279 47358 47658 482741.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/169/76?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/169/76/table1M star TOIs with TIC and Gaia DR3 designationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTOI[122/5139] TESS Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryTIC[1133072/900715901] TESS Input Catalog (IV/39) identifiermeta.idlongGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 (I/355) identifiermeta.idcharStatusPlanet status (1)meta.codecharCompDetected companions (2)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharnHRiNumber of observations with high-resolution imaging for this target's companion (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullablenPMNumber of relative measurements for the TOI and its companion(s) detected using proper motion and parallaxes (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullablenCompNumber of analyzed companions for this TOI (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullable_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/169/76/table2Companions observed with high-resolution imagingTOI[256/4889] TESS Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFlagAdditional information on the system (1)meta.code.errorcharInstInstrument (2)meta.id;instrcharFilterFiltermeta.id;instr.filtercharSep[0.04/4683] Angular separationarcsecpos.angDistancedoublePosAng[0.36/356] Position angledegpos.posAngfloatdMag[0/6.72] Magnitude difference (3)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatDateDate of observation (UT)'Y:M:D'time.epochnullableJ/AJ/169/76/table3Companions detected using proper motions and parallaxesTOI[218/4991] TESS Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompCompanion flag (1)meta.code.errorcharFlagAdditional information on the system (2)meta.code.errorcharSep[0.8/536.6]? Angular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullablePosAng[0.03/356.3]? Position angledegpos.posAngfloatnullabledMag[0.02/7.67]? Magnitude differencemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableGmag[5.9/20.6] Gaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatplx[2.2/44.6] Parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.01/2.6] Parallax uncertaintymasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-403.2/280.7] Proper motion in right ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.01/1.8] pmRA uncertaintymas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-381/191.3] Proper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.01/1.5] pmDE uncertaintymas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatRefReferences (3)meta.refcharJ/AJ/169/76/table4Observed and derived properties of the analyzed companionsTOI[218/4991] TESS Object of Interest identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimarymag1[5.1/16.2] Estimated apparent magnitude of the primarymagphot.magfloatFiltFilter (1)meta.id;instr.filtercharmag2[7.2/20.7] Estimated apparent magnitude of the secondarymagphot.magfloatTeff[3022/3896] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintDist[6.8/415] Distancepcpos.distancefloatSepProj[1.6/97538] Projected physical separationAUpos.distancedoubleMass1[0.16/0.57] Mass of the primarysolMassphys.massfloatMass2[0.08/0.54] Mass of the secondarysolMassphys.massfloatRUWE[0.93/13.8] Gaia DR3 (I/355) renormalized unit weight errorstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFlagFlag to indicate that the TOI is fainter than the detected companion and assumed to be the secondarymeta.code.errorcharSep[0.04/4682.2] Angular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloat