J/AJ/169/214ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/169/214doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/be-59-6pCDSYang G.Zhao J.Yang Y.Liu N.Luo Y.Zhao G.2026-07-02T11:45:36Z2026-01-14T13:36:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterschemical-abundancesspectroscopyvisible-astronomyBased on a large and homogeneous sample of 299 open clusters (OCs) from Gaia DR3 and large sky area multiobject fiber spectroscopic telescope DR11, we studied the abundance gradients of the {alpha}-elements Mg and Si, and the iron-peak elements Fe and Ni to explore the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk. A noticeable downward trend in metallicities, with a slope of -0.048+/-0.008dex/kpc, is observed as the Galactocentric distance (RGC) increases. The abundance gradients of both {alpha}-elements and iron-peak elements in our sample exhibit no apparent symmetry between the regions above and below the Galactic plane. The metallicities in the sample, scaled to the Galactocentric distance of the Sun, show an age-related increase of 0.017+/-0.016dex/Gyr. [El/H] exhibits distinct downward trends toward the outer Galaxy. In the inner Galaxy, younger OCs have lower [El/H] values than older clusters, whereas in the outer Galaxy, this trend is reversed. For OCs aged between 0.5 and 2.5Gyr, the number of clusters migrating inward is approximately equal to those migrating outward. However, the outward migration distances are notably greater than the inward ones. Analyzing the impact of kinematic orbits on the radial and vertical abundance gradients of the four elements, we found that kinematic orbits exert minimal influence on the radial abundance gradients for both {alpha}-elements and iron-peak elements. In contrast, they have a pronounced effect on the vertical abundance gradients.2025AJ....169..214Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/169/214CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)V/156 : LAMOST DR7 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)J/A+A/377/911 : Age-metall. relation in solar neighbourhood (Feltzing+, 2001)J/A+A/381/32 : Galactic Cepheid abundances (Andrievsky+, 2002)J/AJ/125/1397 : Kinematics, age and abundances of open clusters (Chen+, 2003)J/A+A/480/79 : Abund. of giants in five Galactic clusters (Bragaglia+, 2008)J/A+A/480/91 : Gal. disk stars vertical distribution. IV. (Soubiran+, 2008)J/AJ/139/1942 : Equivalent widths of red giants in 6 OCs (Friel+, 2010)J/ApJ/724/341 : Nucleosynthesis of massive metal-free stars (Heger+, 2010)J/AJ/142/51 : Galactic Cepheids abundance variations (Luck+, 2011)J/AJ/144/95 : Abund. in stars of the outer galactic disk. IV. (Yong+, 2012)J/A+A/566/A37 : Iron abundances for 42 Galactic Cepheids (Genovali+, 2014)J/A+A/585/A150 : On the metallicity of open clusters. III. (Netopil+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A115 : Na and Al abundances of 1303 stars (Smiljanic+, 2016)J/A+A/603/A2 : Gaia-ESO Survey abundances radial distribution (Magrini+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/3203 : GALAH observational overview (Martell+, 2017)J/AJ/156/142 : Precision clust. abund. for APOGEE with SDSS DR14 (Donor+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A80 : Open clusters in APOGEE and GALAH surveys (Carrera+, 2019)J/MNRAS/490/1821 : Abund. for stars in 18 open clusters (Casamiquela+, 2019)J/A+A/643/A12 : Chemical abundances of 6 open cluster stars (Casali+, 2020)J/AJ/159/199 : OCCAM. IV. Open cluster abund. using APOGEE DR16 (Donor+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/23 : Stellar abundances from LAMOST MRS (SPCAnet) (Wang+, 2020)J/A+A/640/A127 : Open cluster properties with Gaia and LAMOST (Zhong+, 2020)J/MNRAS/503/3279 : GALAH surv. Galactic disc with open clusters (Spina+, 2021)J/A+A/661/A104 : Physical parameters of classical Cepheids (da Silva+, 2022)J/MNRAS/509/421 : Gal. metallicity gradient with open clusters (Netopil+ 2022)J/A+A/666/A121 : Cluster target Giraffe HR15N RV precision (Randich+, 2022)J/A+A/678/A195 : O, S, and Fe abund. in classical Cepheids (da Silva+, 2023)J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)J/A+A/669/A119 : Radial abund. gradient with open clusters (Magrini+, 2023)J/A+A/690/A334 : Restricted sample of Gaia-ESO open clusters (Palla+, 2024)http://www.lamost.org/dr11/v2.0/ : LAMOST DR11 v2.0https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/214https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/214http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/169/214https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/214https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/214http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/169/214GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/169/214/table1 (Basic parameters of the clusters in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/214/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/214/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/169/214/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.05041830557144.8407804649970.0055555555555555566/371 463 511 1024 1072 1074 1090 1113 1285 1296-1297 1302 1329 1347 1433 1435 1445 1453 1460 1464 1466 1514 1539 1557 1582 1631 1717 1757 1781 1794 1816 1840 1923 1930-1932 1948 1971 2386 2395 2436 2859 2872 2902 2940 3005 3035 3038 3040 3043 3045 3091 3136 3145 3168 3198 3215 3227 3231 3249 3252 3254 3256 3261 3274 3289 3306 3317 3362 3368 3556 3584 3593 3595 3604 3619 3783 3796 3974 4298 4698 4775 6139 6149 6760 6881 6894 7040 11471 12915 13096 13198 13418 13746 13962 13982 14070 14134 14162 14170-14171 14175 14267-14268 14320 14322 14324 14331 14575 14653 14683 14689 14700 15121 15224 15408-15409 15520 15561 19467 20460 21368 21438 21450 21456 21462 21493 21495 22058 22123 22207 22216 22246-22247 22249 22252-22253 22304 22854 22859 22862-22863 22871 22873 22880 22884 22892-22893 22895 22993 23499 23527 23539 23543 23552 23620 23632-23633 23637-23638 23641 23674 23680 23717 23741 23761 23765 23768-23769 23951 23962 23964 23966 23994 24032 24125 24228 24291 24326 24333 24345 24367 24447 24453 24465 24485 24492 24510 24514 28444 30215 30223 30232 30244 31790 32096 32191https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/169/214?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/169/214/table1Basic parameters of the clusters in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryX[-12.9/-6.09] Galactic X position (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticdoubleY[-1.13/3.9] Galactic Y position (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloatZ[-0.44/0.81] Galactic Z position (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatAge[3e-3/3.81] Cluster age (1)Gyrtime.agefloatRad[6.18/12.92] Current radius from galactic centerkpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idnullableRad0[6.42/13.12] Birthplace radius from galactic centerkpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatZ0[-0.93/0.76] Birthplace distance from galactic planekpcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticfloatnRefNumber of references for abundances comparison (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullable_RAPosition (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Hunt+2023 (J/A+A/673/A114) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Hunt+2023 (J/A+A/673/A114) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/169/214/table2Average abundances of the clusters in this workClusterCluster identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar[Mg/H][-0.62/0.4]? Log Mg/H abundance ratiophys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_[Mg/H][0/0.23]? Uncertainty in [Mg/H]stat.error;phys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullableo_[Mg/H][2/275]? Number of stars used to determine [Mg/H]meta.number;src;phys.abundintnullable[Si/H][-0.6/0.3]? Log Si/H abundance ratiophys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_[Si/H][0/0.17]? Uncertainty in [Si/H]stat.error;phys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullableo_[Si/H][2/275]? Number of stars used to determine [Si/H]meta.number;src;phys.abundintnullable[Fe/H][-0.63/0.3] Log Fe/H abundance ratiophys.abund.Fe;arith.ratiofloate_[Fe/H][0/0.47] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloato_[Fe/H][2/313] Number of stars used to determine [Fe/H]meta.number;src;phys.abundint[Ni/H][-0.5/0.3]? Log Ni/H abundance ratiophys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_[Ni/H][0/0.24]? Uncertainty in [Ni/H]stat.error;phys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullableo_[Ni/H][2/275]? Number of stars used to determine [Ni/H]meta.number;src;phys.abundintnullableJ/AJ/169/214/table3Comparisons of element abundances of clusters valuesClusterCluster identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[Mg/H][-0.58/0.39]? log Mg/H abundance ratiophys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullable[Si/H][-0.52/0.32]? log Si/H abundance ratiophys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullable[Fe/H][-0.48/0.31] log Fe/H abundance ratiophys.abund.Fe;arith.ratiofloat[Ni/H][-0.48/0.33]? log Ni/H abundance ratiophys.abund;arith.ratiofloatnullableRef[1/4] Literature reference (1)meta.refint