J/AJ/168/92ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/92doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680092CDSLiberles B.T.Dittmann J.A.Elardo S.M.Ballard S.2025-09-30T20:07:43Z2025-01-17T12:37:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrytrigonometric-parallaxstellar-radiistellar-massesPrevious work has established the enhanced occurrence of compact systems of multiple small exoplanets around metal-poor stars. Understanding the origin of this effect in the planet formation process is a topic of ongoing research. Here we consider the radii of planets residing in systems of multiple transiting planets, compared to those residing in single-transiting systems, with a particular focus on late-type host stars. We investigate whether the two radius distributions are consistent with being drawn from the same underlying planetary population. We construct a planetary sample of 290 planets around late K and M dwarfs containing 149 planets from single-transiting planetary systems and 141 planets from multi-transiting compact multiple planetary systems (54 compact multiples). We performed a two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Anderson-Darling k-sampling test on the radius distributions of our two samples. We find statistical evidence (p<0.0026) that planets in compact multiple systems are larger, on average, than their single-transiting counterparts for planets with R_p_<6R_{Earth}_. We determine that the offset cannot be explained by detection bias. We investigate whether this effect could be explained via more efficient outgassing of a secondary atmosphere in compact multiple systems due to the stress and strain forces of interplanetary tides on planetary interiors. We find that this effect is insufficient to explain our observations without significant enrichment in H_2_O compared to Earth-like bulk composition.2024AJ....168...92Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/92CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate mult. transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)J/ApJ/767/95 : Stellar parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/47 : 106 Kepler ultra-short-period planets (Sanchis-Ojeda+, 2014)J/ApJ/814/130 : Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search (DR25) (Twicken+, 2016)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses & radii (Weiss+, 2018)J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)J/AJ/160/253 : IR photometry of late-type dwarfs in Kepler Field (Lu+, 2020)J/AJ/161/203 : A sample of M or K-dwarfs from KIC and Gaia (Anderson+, 2021)J/A+A/650/A201 : 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era first update (Reyle+, 2021)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archive homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/92https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/92http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/92https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/92https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/92http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/92GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/168/92/table1 (Stellar Parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/92/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/92/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/92/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true285.287110841.86115780.0055555555555555565/3733 3736 3741-3743 3778 3782 3785 6/14578-14579 14581 14584-14585 14588 14591 14734 14752-14753 14756-14757 14759 14762-14764 14766 14768 14770-14773 14775-14776 14778-14779 14781-14782 14794 14816 14818-14819 14824-14826 14830 14915 14917 14919-14921 14925 14930-14931 14937 14939 14942 14948 14950 14954 14957-14959 14962-14963 15040-15041 15044 15057 15060-15061 15104-15105 15107-15109 15111 15116 15118-15119 15121-15122 15126-15127 15132-15134 15137-15138 15145 15147-15149 15151 15155-15158 15160 15168-15169 15171-15172 151748.650015785639275e-20 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/168/92?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/168/92/table1Stellar ParametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia DR3 source identifiermeta.id;meta.mainplx[0.88/15]? Gaia DR3 parallaxmaspos.parallaxfloatnullable_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNEADisplay data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive (http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu)meta.ref.urlcharRAdeg[280.3/300.4] Gaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0degpos.eq.rae_RAdeg[0.01/1] Uncertainty in RAdegmasstat.error;pos.eq.ra;meta.mainfloatDEdeg[37.5/51.5] Gaia DR3 declination (ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0degpos.eq.dece_DEdeg[0.01/1] Uncertainty in DEdegmasstat.error;pos.eq.dec;meta.mainfloate_plx[0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableGflux[2206/195025] Gaia DR3 apparent broad band flux; electrons/sct/sphot.flux.density;em.optdoublee_Gflux[1.7/78.2] Uncertainty in Gfluxct/sstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.optfloatGmag[12.46/17.33] Gaia DR3 apparent broad band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBPflux[540/60133] Gaia DR3 apparent blue band flux; electrons/sct/sphot.flux;em.opt.Bfloate_BPflux[7/106] Uncertainty in BPfluxct/sstat.error;phot.flux;em.opt.BfloatBPmag[13.39/18.51] Gaia DR3 apparent blue band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRPflux[1934/197399] Gaia DR3 apparent red band flux; electrons/sct/sphot.flux;em.opt.Rdoublee_RPflux[8.6/220.1] Uncertainty in Rfluxct/sstat.error;phot.flux;em.opt.RfloatRPmag[11.51/16.54] Gaia DR3 apparent red band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatTeff[3283/6067]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatnullablee_Teff[3273/5948]? Lower uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.min;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableE_Teff[3309/6212]? Upper uncertainty in TeffKstat.error;stat.max;phys.temperature.effectivefloatnullableJmag[10.29/14.84] 2MASS apparent J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.019/0.05] Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag[9.68/14.23] 2MASS apparent H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.015/0.06] Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKsmag[9.50/13.89] 2MASS apparent Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0/0.07] Uncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatgmag[13.81/18.7] Apparent g band magnitude (Sloan)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_gmag[0.025] Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatrmag[12.77/17.47] Apparent r band magnitude (Sloan)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_rmag[0.02] Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatimag[12.45/16.97] Apparent i band magnitude (Sloan)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloate_imag[0.02] Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatKICKepler Input Catalog Identifiermeta.id.crossintprimaryNpNumber of planets for this star (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableRad[0.20/0.82] Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad[0.004/0.05]? Upper uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.max;phys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rad[0.005/0.05]? Lower uncertainty in RadsolRadstat.error;stat.min;phys.size.radiusfloatnullableMass[0.18/0.78]? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableE_Mass[0/0.06]? Upper uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.max;phys.massfloatnullablee_Mass[0/0.06]? Lower uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.min;phys.massfloatnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/AJ/168/92/table4Planet ParametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKICKepler Input Catalog Identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintTypeType of planetary system (1)meta.codecharRp[0.38/29.65] Planetary radius value(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloate_Rp[0.001/186] Relative percent uncertainty in Rp%stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatPer[0/628.2] Orbital perioddtime.periodfloat