J/AJ/168/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680063CDSCrompvoets B.L.Di Francesco J.Teimoorinia H.Preibisch T.2025-02-18T20:12:43Z2024-11-21T15:55:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-photometryyoung-stellar-objectsstar-forming-regionsAmong the first observations released to the public from the JWST was a section of the star-forming region NGC 3324 known colloquially as the "Cosmic Cliffs." We build a photometric catalog of the region and test the ability of using the probabilistic random forest machine-learning method to identify its young stellar objects (YSOs). We find 450 candidate YSOs (cYSOs) out of 19497 total objects within the field, 413 of which are cYSOs not found in previous works. These classifications are verified with several different metrics, including recall and precision. Using the obtained probabilities of objects being YSOs, we employ a Monte Carlo approach to determine the surface density of cYSOs in the Cosmic Cliffs, which we find to be largely coincident with column densities derived from Herschel data, up to a column density of 1.37x10^22^cm^-2^. The newly determined number and spatial distribution of YSOs in the Cosmic Cliffs demonstrate that JWST is far more capable of detecting YSOs in dusty regions than Spitzer. Comparisons of the observed colors and brightness of faint cYSOs with those of pre-main-sequence models suggest JWST has detected a significant population of substellar YSOs in the Cosmic Cliffs. The size of this population further suggests previous estimates of star formation efficiencies in molecular clouds have been systematically low.2024AJ....168...63Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJS/194/4 : Classification of CCCP X-ray sources (Broos+, 2011)J/A+A/539/A143 : Nearby B-stars stellar param. and abundances (Nieva+, 2012)J/A+A/549/A67 : Embedded YSOs in Carina Nebula complex (Gaczkowski+, 2013)J/ApJS/209/31 : The MYStIX IR-Excess Source catalog (MIRES) (Povich+, 2013)J/A+A/564/A120 : Chandra X-ray observation of Gum 31 (Preibisch+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)J/A+A/647/A116 : YSO candidate catalog from ANN (Cornu+, 2021)J/MNRAS/507/5106 : NGC 6822 massive young stellar objects (Kinson+, 2021)J/ApJS/254/33 : Gal. midplane Spitzer/IRAC cand. YSOs (SPICY) (Kuhn+, 2021)J/A+A/660/A11 : Gaia distances to the Carina Nebula Complex (Goeppl+, 2022)J/MNRAS/517/140 : M33 massive young stellar objects (Kinson+, 2022)J/AJ/165/3 : SPICY. II. Spectroscopic obs. of 26 YSOs (Kuhn+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/168/63/table3 (Fluxes, J2000 coordinates, and probabilities for sources classified as candidate YSOs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/63/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/63/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/63/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true159.1862-58.68010.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/168/63/table4 (Candidate YSOs from other works matched to our candidate YSOs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/63/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/63/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/63/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true159.217917-58.6358330.0055555555555555566/380184.0428963483234324e-20 2.46211493093505e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/168/63?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/168/63/table3Fluxes, J2000 coordinates, and probabilities for sources classified as candidate YSOsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/19496] Sequential object indexmeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[159.1/159.31] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000[-58.7/-58.5] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedxpix[76/14179] X pixel on image (s)pixpos.framedoubleypix[65/8373] Y pixel on image (s)pixpos.framedoubleF090W[12.9/28.55]? Flux density in JWST/NIRCam F090W band, Vega magnitudesmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_F090W[0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in F090Wmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableF187N[10/25.01]? Flux density in JWST/NIRCam F187N band, Vega magnitudesmagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F187N[0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in F187Nmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF200W[10.5/26.16]? Flux density in JWST/NIRCam F200W band, Vega magnitudesmagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F200W[0/0.4]? Uncertainty in F200Wmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableF335M[8.15/22.1]? Flux density in JWST/NIRCam F335M band, Vega magnitudesmagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_F335M[0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in F335Mmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablePPRFf335mProbability of being a YSO based on the PRF model, when the F335M band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullableF444W[7.7/22.75]? Flux density in JWST/NIRCam F444W band, Vega magnitudesmagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableSPICY[7423/7481]? SPICY identifier if detected in Kuhn+ 2021, J/ApJS/254/33meta.id.crossintnullableClInit[0/1]? Initial YSO classification (0=YSO; or 1=contaminant)meta.code.classintnullablePPRFf090wProbability of being a YSO based on the PRF model, when the F090W band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePRFf090w[0/1]? Probability of being a YSO based on the RF model, when the F090W band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePPRFf187n[0.0001/1] Probability of being a YSO based on the PRF model, when the F187N band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublePRFf187n[0/1]? Probability of being a YSO based on the RF model, when the F187N band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePPRFf200wProbability of being a YSO based on the PRF model, when the F200W band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePRFf200w[0/1]? Probability of being a YSO based on the RF model, when the F200W band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePRFruns[0/1] Fraction of runs where the object is identified as a YSO based on the PRF method (2)stat.probabilitydoubleClPRF[0/1] Final Probabilistic Random Forest YSO classification (0=YSO; or 1=contaminant)meta.code.classintProbPRF[0/1] PRF Probability of Classstat.probabilityfloatRFruns[0/1] Fraction of runs where the object is identified as a YSO based on the RF method (2)meta.numberfloatClRF[0/1]? Final Regular Random Forest YSO classification (0=YSO; or 1=contaminant)meta.code.classfloatnullableProbRF[0/1]? RF Probability of Classstat.probabilityfloatnullableSecureSecurity of classification as YSO or contaminant (3)meta.code.classcharPRFf335m[0/1]? Probability of being a YSO based on the RF model, when the F335M band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePPRFf444wProbability of being a YSO based on the PRF model, when the F444W band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePRFf444w[0/1]? Probability of being a YSO based on the RF model, when the F444W band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePPRFf470nProbability of being a YSO based on the PRF model, when the F470N band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablePRFf470n[0/1]? Probability of being a YSO based on the RF model, when the F470N band data are excludedstat.probabilitydoublenullablee_F444W[0/0.6]? Uncertainty in F444Wmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableF470N[6.7/22.56]? Flux density in JWST/NIRCam F470N band, Vega magnitudesmagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_F470N[0/0.6]? Uncertainty in F470Nmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableSurveyPrior Survey detection (1)meta.bibcharJ/AJ/168/63/table4Candidate YSOs from other works matched to our candidate YSOsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintcYSOcYSO position-based name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharPriorPrevious Works (1)meta.id.crosscharProb[0.01/1]? Probability of the object originally selected as the cYSO (within 0.0001{deg} of the position specified in previous works or matched by eye)stat.probabilityfloatnullableNearby[0.64/1]? Nearby Probability (2)stat.probabilityfloatnullable_RAPositions from names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable