J/AJ/168/176ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/176doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680176CDSBiswas S.Bisht D.Jiang I.-G.Sariya D.P.Parthasarathy K.2025-10-10T20:08:17Z2025-06-02T13:56:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomyNowadays, transit timing variations (TTVs) are proving to be a very valuable tool in exoplanetary science to detect exoplanets by observing variations in transit times. To study the TTV of the hot Jupiter TrES-2b, we have combined 64 high-quality transit light curves from all seven sectors of NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite along with 60 best-quality light curves from the ground-based facility Exoplanet Transit Database and 106 midtransit times from the previous works. From the precise transit timing analysis, we have observed a significant improvement in the orbital ephemerides, but we did not detect any short-period TTVs that might result from an additional body. The inability to detect short-term TTVs further motivates us to investigate long-term TTVs, which might be caused by orbital decay, apsidal precession, the Applegate mechanism, and the Romer effect, and the orbital decay appeared to be a better explanation for the observed TTV with {Delta}BIC=4.32. The orbital period of the hot Jupiter TrES-2b appears to be shrinking at a rate of ~-5.58+/-1.81ms/yr. Assuming this decay is primarily caused by tidal dissipation within the host star, we have subsequently calculated the stellar tidal quality factor value to be ~9.9x10^3^, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretically predicted values for other hot-Jupiter systems, and its low value indicates more efficient tidal dissipation within the host star. Additional precise photometric and radial velocity observations are required to pinpoint the cause of the change in the orbital period.2024AJ....168..176Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/176CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toIV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)J/MNRAS/343/1131 : 1998-2000 OGLE events microlensing limits (Tsapras+, 2003)J/ApJ/664/1185 : Three transits of the exoplanet TrES-2 (Holman+, 2007)J/ApJ/692/L9 : Tidal evol of transiting extrasolar planets (Levrard+, 2009)J/A+A/500/L45 : Obs of transits of the TrES-2 exoplanet (Mislis+, 2009)J/A+A/508/1011 : Planetary transit of TrES-1 and TrES-2 (Rabus+, 2009)J/ApJ/691/1145 : Spectrophotometry of TrES-3 and TrES-4 (Sozzetti+, 2009)J/ApJ/714/462 : Inclination change of TrES-2b (Scuderi+, 2010)J/A+A/510/A107 : TrES-2b multi-band transit observations (Mislis+, 2010)J/MNRAS/408/1494 : Planetary transits of TrES-2 and TrES-3 (Colon+, 2010)J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)J/AJ/142/84 : 10 new transit light curves of HAT-P-13b (Fulton+, 2011)J/A+A/542/A4 : WASP-43b thirty eclipses (Gillon+, 2012)J/AJ/145/68 : Five new transit light curves of TrES-3 (Jiang+, 2013)J/ApJ/770/36 : APOSTLE transits: XO-2 syst Photometry,VRI(Kundurthy+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A108 : Multi-site obs. of WASP-12 b transit (Maciejewski+, 2013)J/MNRAS/440/1470 : Ji light curves of WTS-2 (Birkby+, 2014)J/ApJ/785/126 : HIRES radial velocity measurements (Knutson+, 2014)J/A+A/575/A111 : GAPS V: Global analysis of the XO-2 system (Damasso+, 2015)J/AJ/151/17 : Eight transiting light curves of WASP-43b (Jiang+, 2016)J/MNRAS/457/4205 : WASP-22, WASP-41, WASP-42, WASP-55 (Southworth+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)J/A+A/600/A30 : Limb-darkening for TESS satellite (Claret, 2017)J/AJ/154/4 : Times of transits and occultations: WASP-12b (Patra+, 2017)J/AcA/68/371 : WASP and KELT planet transits (Maciejewski+, 2018)J/AJ/155/165 : Dissipation in exoplanet hosts: tidal spin-up (Penev+, 2018)J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog & Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)J/AJ/157/217 : Transit times: 5 hot Jupiter WASP exoplanets (Bouma+, 2019)J/AJ/157/242 : Updated study: potential targets for Ariel (Edwards+, 2019)J/AJ/158/190 : MS hot Jupiter hosts with good astrometry (Hamer+, 2019)J/ApJ/893/L29 : WASP-4 RVs & hot Jupiter predict P changes (Bouma+, 2020)J/AJ/159/150 : Transit times of 11 hot Jupiters (Patra+, 2020)J/A+A/656/A88 : TrES-5 photometric timeseries (Maciejewski+, 2021)J/AJ/161/72 : 180 Transit & occultation times for WASP-12b (Turner+, 2021)J/AJ/164/220 : 10 exoplanets from Exoplanet Transit Database (Hagey+, 2022)J/ApJS/259/62 : TESS transit timing of hot Jupiters (Ivshina+, 2022)J/ApJS/258/40 : ExoClock project. II. Exoplanet ephemerids (Kokori+, 2022)J/AJ/163/175 : WASP-12 individual transit fit with TESS (Wong+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/176https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/176http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/176https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/176https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/176http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/176GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/168/176/table4The best-fit values of parameters for 64 TESS transit light curves of TrES-2b using TAPrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[1124/2594] Epoch numbermeta.id;time.epochintPeriod[2.47062/2.47064] Orbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_Period[9.8e-6/1.0e-5] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in perioddstat.error;stat.max;time.perioddoublee_Period[9.8e-6/1.0e-5] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in perioddstat.error;stat.min;time.perioddoubleTimeMid-transit time in Barycentric Julian date; TDBdtime.epochdoubleE_Time[4.6e-4/3.7e-3] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in timedstat.error;stat.max;time.epochdoublee_Time[4.7e-4/3.4e-3] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in timedstat.error;stat.min;time.epochdoubleInc[83.2/84.2] Orbital inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_Inc[0.04/0.41] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in orbital inclinationdegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_Inc[0.04/0.41] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in orbital inclinationdegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloata/Rs[7.09/7.99] Scaled Semi-major axis in stellar radiiphys.size.smajAxis;arith.ratiofloatE_a/Rs[0.048/0.055] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.smajAxisfloate_a/Rs[0.049/0.055] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.smajAxisfloatRp/Rs[0.11/0.16] Ratio of planet to star radiusphys.size.radius;arith.ratiofloatE_Rp/Rs[0.003/0.03] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in R_p_/R*stat.error;stat.max;arith.ratiofloate_Rp/Rs[0.003/0.03] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in R_p_/R*stat.error;stat.min;arith.ratiofloatu1[0.23/0.5] Linear limb-darkening coefficientphot.limbDarkfloatE_u1[0.16/0.2] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in u1stat.error;stat.max;phot.limbDarkfloate_u1[0.14/0.2] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in u1stat.error;stat.min;phot.limbDarkfloatu2[0.17/0.31] Quadratic limb-darkening coefficientphot.limbDarkfloatE_u2[0.18/0.21] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in u2stat.error;stat.max;phot.limbDarkfloate_u2[0.18/0.21] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in u2stat.error;stat.min;phot.limbDarkfloatJ/AJ/168/176/table5Midtransit times and timing residuals for 230 transit light curves of TrES-2brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTransitJ/AJ/168/176/tablea1The best-fit values of parameters for 60 Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD) transit light curves of TrES-2b using TAPrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpoch[1124/2594] Epoch numbermeta.id;time.epochintPeriod[2.47062/2.47064] Orbital perioddtime.perioddoubleE_Period[9.8e-6/1.0e-5] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in perioddstat.error;stat.max;time.perioddoublee_Period[9.8e-6/1.0e-5] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in perioddstat.error;stat.min;time.perioddoubleTimeMid-transit time in Barycentric Julian date; TDBdtime.epochdoubleE_Time[4.6e-4/3.7e-3] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in timedstat.error;stat.max;time.epochdoublee_Time[4.7e-4/3.4e-3] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in timedstat.error;stat.min;time.epochdoubleInc[83.2/84.2] Orbital inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_Inc[0.04/0.41] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in orbital inclinationdegstat.error;stat.max;src.orbital.inclinationfloate_Inc[0.04/0.41] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in orbital inclinationdegstat.error;stat.min;src.orbital.inclinationfloata/Rs[7.09/7.99] Scaled Semi-major axis in stellar radiiphys.size.smajAxis;arith.ratiofloatE_a/Rs[0.048/0.055] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.max;phys.size.smajAxisfloate_a/Rs[0.049/0.055] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in a/R*stat.error;stat.min;phys.size.smajAxisfloatRp/Rs[0.11/0.16] Ratio of planet to star radiusphys.size.radius;arith.ratiofloatE_Rp/Rs[0.003/0.03] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in R_p_/R*stat.error;stat.max;arith.ratiofloate_Rp/Rs[0.003/0.03] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in R_p_/R*stat.error;stat.min;arith.ratiofloatu1[0.23/0.5] Linear limb-darkening coefficientphot.limbDarkfloatE_u1[0.16/0.2] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in u1stat.error;stat.max;phot.limbDarkfloate_u1[0.14/0.2] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in u1stat.error;stat.min;phot.limbDarkfloatu2[0.17/0.31] Quadratic limb-darkening coefficientphot.limbDarkfloatE_u2[0.18/0.21] Upper 1{sigma} uncertainty in u2stat.error;stat.max;phot.limbDarkfloate_u2[0.18/0.21] Lower 1{sigma} uncertainty in u2stat.error;stat.min;phot.limbDarkfloat