J/AJ/168/122ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/168/122doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51680122CDSPark G.Johnstone D.Pena C.C.Lee J.-E.Liu S.-Y.Herczeg G.,Mairs S.Chen Z.Hatchell J.Kim K.-T.Kim M.-R.Qiu K.Wang Y.-T.,Zhang XuThe JCMT Transient Team2025-05-21T20:12:40Z2025-03-05T08:54:21ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsmillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyinfrared-photometryyoung-stellar-objectsstar-forming-regionsWe present a comprehensive analysis of young stellar object (YSO) variability within the M17 Southwest Extension (M17 SWex), using 3.5yr of monitoring data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Transient Survey at submillimeter and 9yr from the NEOWISE mission at mid-infrared (mid-IR). Our study encompasses observations of 147 bright submillimeter peaks identified within our deep JCMT coadded map as well as 156 YSOs in NEOWISE W1 and 179 in W2 that were previously identified in Spitzer surveys. We find three robust submillimeter variables: two are candidate YSOs and one is a likely extragalactic source. At mid-IR wavelengths, our analysis reveals secular and stochastic variability in 47 YSOs, with the highest fraction of secular variability occurring at the earliest evolutionary stage. This is similar to what has previously been observed for low-mass YSO variability within the Gould Belt. However, we observe less overall variability in M17 SWex at both the submillimeter and mid-IR. We suspect that this lower fraction is due to the greater distance to M17 SWex. Our findings showcase the utility of multiwavelength observations to better capture the complex variability phenomena inherent to star formation processes and demonstrate the importance of years-long monitoring of a diverse selection of star-forming environments.2024AJ....168..122Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/168/122CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)II/316 : UKIDSS-DR6 Galactic Plane Survey (Lucas+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/AJ/121/3160 : JHK photometry near the Trapezium region (Carpenter+, 2001)J/A+A/479/827 : UBVR LCs of weak-line T Tauri stars (Grankin+, 2008)J/AJ/140/2025 : KH 15D (V582 Mon) VI light curves (Herbst+, 2010)J/ApJ/714/L285 : YSO candidates in M17 SWex (Povich+, 2010)J/AJ/142/35 : The VLBA Galactic Plane Survey (VGaPS) (Petrov+, 2011)J/A+A/557/A77 : VR light curves of AA Tau in 2007-2013 (Bouvier+, 2013)J/A+A/549/A45 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 330<l<21 (Contreras+, 2013)J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps (Urquhart+, 2014)J/other/PASA/33.30 : MALT90 Catalogue (Rathborne+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A49 : PMS stars evolutionary models (Kunitomo+, 2017)J/MNRAS/478/1512 : ALMA calibrator continuum obs. catalog (Bonato+, 2018)J/MNRAS/495/3614 : IR and sub-mm variability in protostars (Contreras+, 2020)J/ApJS/254/33 : Gal. midplane Spitzer/IRAC cand. YSOs (SPICY) (Kuhn+, 2021)J/ApJ/920/132 : NEOWISE 6.5yr variability in YSOs (Park+, 2021)J/A+A/659/A145 : A WISE view on extreme AGB stars (Groenewegen, 2022)J/ApJ/929/60 : K-band & smm LCs of the protostar HOPS 373 (Yoon+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/168/122https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/122https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/122http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/168/122GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/168/122/tablea1 (Statistics of all submillimeter sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true274.725833-16.7983330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/168/122/tableb1 (Properties of NEOWISE light curves for potential variable mid-infrared sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true274.301-16.95860.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/168/122/tableb2 (Statistics of NEOWISE light curves for nonvariable mid-infrared sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/168/122/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true274.315-16.93750.0055555555555555566/29113 29115-29116https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/168/122?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/AJ/168/122/tablea1Statistics of all submillimeter sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRank[1/663] Rank; by brightnessmeta.idintJCMTPPJCMT Peak Position (JCMTPP; JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharFmean[13/14337] Mean peak fluxmJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHz;stat.meandoublee_Fmean[6.6/216.1] Standard deviation in FmeanmJy/beamstat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatSD/SDfid[0.47/4.11] Ratio of the standard deviation to the fiducial standard deviationstat.stdev;arith.ratiofloatS/DelS[0.01/5.92] Absolute value of the slope to its uncertainty ratiostat.error;arith.ratiofloat_RAPositions from JCMTPP names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from JCMTPP names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/168/122/tableb1Properties of NEOWISE light curves for potential variable mid-infrared sourcesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableTypeW2W2 variable typesrc.var;em.IR.4-8umcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/47] Running sequence numbermeta.idintIDIdentifier (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[274.3/275] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-17.2/-16.5] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNw1[15/18] Number of W1 epochsmeta.numberintDelW1mag[0.15/4.44] W1 band differential magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.diff;em.IR.3-4umfloatSDW1mag[0.038/1.2] W1 band standard deviationmagstat.stdev;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatSigW1mag[0.03/0.3] W1 band {sigma}magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatSw1[-20.4/15.8]? W1 best fit linear slope%.yr**-1stat.fit.paramfloatnullablePerW1[0.66/13.15]? W1 LSP period for periodic or curved sourcesyrtime.period;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableFAPlinW1[2.2e-10/1] W1 Linear fit false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleFAPlspW1[3e-09/0.6] W1 Lomb-Scargle periodogram false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleTypeW1W1 variable typesrc.var;em.IR.3-4umcharNw2[15/18] Number of W2 epochsmeta.numberintDelW2mag[0.2/3.4] W2 band differential magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.diff;em.IR.4-8umfloatSDW2mag[0.049/0.93] W2 band standard deviationmagstat.stdev;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatSigW2mag[0.03/0.25] W2 band {sigma}magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatSw2[-17.3/25.2]? W2 best fit linear slope%.yr**-1stat.fit.paramfloatnullablePerW2[0.7/13.2]? W2 LSP period for periodic or curved sourcesyrtime.period;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableFAPlinW2[6e-09/1] W2 linear fit false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleFAPlspW2[3e-08/0.9] W2 Lomb-Scargle periodogram false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleClassYSO classification (1)src.classcharOutAll sources are presumed to be associated with M17 SWex, unless marked as "outside" (Y) (G2)meta.code.membercharCorrThe Spearman correlation between WISE W1 and W2 light curves (A=strong correlation) (2)stat.correlationcharf_Corrh: notable differences between the original and simulated datameta.codecharP10Display data from Povich+ 2010, J/ApJ/714/L285 within 1.5"meta.ref.urlcharWISEADisplay data from AllWISE (II/328) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/168/122/tableb2Statistics of NEOWISE light curves for nonvariable mid-infrared sourcesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/132] Running sequence numbermeta.idintIDIdentifier (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[274.3/275.6] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-17.2/-16.5] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNw1[12/18] Number of W1 epochsmeta.numberintDelW1mag[0.07/2.8] W1 band differential magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.diff;em.IR.3-4umfloatSDW1mag[0.02/1.1] W1 band standard deviationmagstat.stdev;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatSigW1mag[0.037/0.5] W1 band {sigma}magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatFAPlinW1[0.004/1] W1 linear fit false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleFAPlspW1[0.003/1] W1 Lomb-Scargle periodogram false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleNw2[12/18] Number of W2 epochsmeta.numberintDelW2mag[0.08/1] W2 band differential magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.diff;em.IR.4-8umfloatSDW2mag[0.026/0.25] W2 band standard deviationmagstat.stdev;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatSigW2mag[0.038/0.3] W2 band {sigma}magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatFAPlinW2[0.0016/1] W2 linear fit false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleFAPlspW2[0.0005/1] W2 Lomb-Scargle periodogram false alarm probabilitystat.probabilitydoubleClassYSO classification (1)src.classcharOutAll sources are presumed to be associated with M17 SWex, unless marked as "outside" (Y) (G2)meta.code.membercharP10Display data from Povich+ 2010, J/ApJ/714/L285 within 1.5"meta.ref.urlcharWISEADisplay data from AllWISE (II/328) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar