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<ri:Resource created="2023-12-07T13:03:40Z" status="active" updated="2026-07-02T11:44:43Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>Open cluster parameters with ANN</title><shortName>J/AJ/167/12</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/167/12</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/be-57-c</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Cavallo L.</name></creator><creator><name>Spina L.</name></creator><creator><name>Carraro G.</name></creator><creator><name>Magrini L.</name></creator><creator><name>Poggio E.</name></creator><creator><name>Cantat-Gaudin T.,Pasquato M.</name></creator><creator><name>Lucatello S.</name></creator><creator><name>Ortolani S.</name></creator><creator><name>Schiappacasse-Ulloa J.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2026-07-02T11:44:43Z</date><date role="Created">2023-12-07T13:03:40Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>milky-way-galaxy</subject><subject>open-star-clusters</subject><subject>astrometry</subject><subject>astronomical-models</subject><description>With the unprecedented increase of known star clusters, quick and modern tools are needed for their analysis. In this work, we develop an artificial neural network trained on synthetic clusters to estimate the age, metallicity, extinction, and distance of Gaia open clusters. We implement a novel technique to extract features from the colour-magnitude diagram of clusters by means of the QuadTree tool and we adopt a multi-band approach. We obtain reliable parameters for ~5400 clusters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology in accurately determining crucial parameters of Gaia open clusters by performing a comprehensive scientific validation. In particular, with our analysis we have been able to reproduce the Galactic metallicity gradient as it is observed by high-resolution spectroscopic surveys. This demonstrates that our method reliably extracts information on metallicity from colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of stellar clusters. For the sample of clusters studied, we find an intriguing systematic older age compared to previous analyses present in the literature. This work introduces a novel approach to feature extraction using a QuadTree algorithm, effectively tracing sequences in CMDs despite photometric errors and outliers. The adoption of ANNs, rather than Convolutional Neural Networks, maintains the full positional information and improves performance, while also demonstrating the potential for deriving clusters' parameters from simultaneous analysis of multiple photometric bands, beneficial for upcoming telescopes like the Vera Rubin Observatory. The implementation of ANN tools with robust isochrone fit techniques could provide further improvements in the quest for open clusters' parameters.</description><source format="bibcode">2024AJ....167...12C</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/167/12</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/673/A114">J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)</relatedResource></relationship></content><rights>https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html</rights><capability><interface xsi:type="vr:WebBrowser"><accessURL use="full">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/12</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/12</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/12</mirrorURL></interface></capability><capability><interface xsi:type="vs:ParamHTTP"><accessURL use="base">https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/12</accessURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at IUCAA: Pune, India">https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/12</mirrorURL><mirrorURL title="VizieR at SAAO: SAAO, South 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42420-42421 42427 42441-42443 42447 42456 42458 42468-42470 42472 42478 42481 42483-42484 42486-42487 42493 42496-42497 42499 42505 42512-42513 42516 42519 42522 42528 42548 42555 42565-42566 42570 42581 42583 42589 42598 42600 42610 42614 42619 42656 42685-42686 42697 42700 42761 42770 42789 42798 42836 42841 42846 42850 42862 42864 42944 42955-42956 42958 42964 42979 42983 42990 43002 43009 43011 43020-43022 43036 43038 43044 43046-43047 43052-43053 43055 43057 43059 43062 43064 43066 43073 43079 43088 43094 43104-43105 43125 43136-43137 43140 43146 43148 43153 43191 43193 43218 43227 43282 43295 43301 43401 43444 43450 43461 44086 44109 44220 44310 44361 44378 44389 44427 44511 45000 45115 45307 45515 45602 45742 46857 47125 47145 47164 47620 47723 47729 47777 47784 47788 47805 47825 47834 47866 47868 47903 47916 47935 47967 47971 48035 48063 48104 48434 48444 48532 48698 48952 48993 49099 49115</spatial><footprint ivo-id="ivo://ivoa.net/std/moc">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/167/12?format=ascii</footprint></coverage><tableset><schema><name>default</name><table><name>J/AJ/167/12/catalog</name><description>Clusters analysed by our ANNs (update version, 18/10/2024)</description><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>Cluster</name><description>Cluster name</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="20*">char</dataType></column><column><name>RA_ICRS</name><description>Mean right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 of cluster's members</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>DE_ICRS</name><description>Mean declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0) of cluster's members</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>kind</name><description>[omg] Type of object from Hunt &amp; Reffert (2023A&amp;A...673A.114H, Cat. J/A+A/673/A114) (1)</description><ucd>src.class</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType" arraysize="1*">char</dataType></column><column><name>plx</name><description>Mean parallax of cluster's members</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>pos.parallax;stat.mean</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>e_plx</name><description>Error on the parallax</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>stat.error;pos.parallax</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>CMDclass</name><description>[0/1] 50th percentile of CMD class from Hunt &amp; Reffert (2023A&amp;A...673A.114H, Cat. J/A+A/673/A114)</description><ucd>meta.code</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Quality</name><description>[0/3] Quality of the predictions (2)</description><ucd>meta.code.qual</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>logAge16</name><description>16th percentile of logAge predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>log(yr)</unit><ucd>time.age</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>logAge50</name><description>50th percentile of logAge predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>log(yr)</unit><ucd>time.age</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>logAge84</name><description>84th percentile of logAge predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>log(yr)</unit><ucd>time.age</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>[Fe/H]16</name><description>16th percentile of [Fe/H] predictions of the ANNs</description><ucd>phys.abund.Fe</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>[Fe/H]50</name><description>50th percentile of [Fe/H] predictions of the ANNs</description><ucd>phys.abund.Fe</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>[Fe/H]84</name><description>84th percentile of [Fe/H] predictions of the ANNs</description><ucd>phys.abund.Fe</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>AV16</name><description>16th percentile of V-band extinction predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.absorption</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>AV50</name><description>50th percentile of V-band extinction predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.absorption</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>AV84</name><description>84th percentile of V-band extinction predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phys.absorption</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>dMod16</name><description>16th percentile of distance module predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag.distMod</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>dMod50</name><description>50th percentile of distance module predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag.distMod</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>dMod84</name><description>84th percentile of distance module predictions of the ANNs</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag.distMod</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>X</name><description>X coordinate in galactocentric galactic coordinates (as predicted by the ANNs)</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.cartesian.x;pos.galactic;pos.galactocentric</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>Y</name><description>Y coordinate in galactocentric galactic coordinates (as predicted by the ANNs)</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.cartesian.y;pos.galactic;pos.galactocentric</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>Z</name><description>Z coordinate in galactocentric galactic coordinates (as predicted by the ANNs)</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactocentric;pos.galactic</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>Rgc</name><description>Distance from Galactic centre (as predicted by the ANNs and assuming Sun Rgc=8.122kpc)</description><unit>kpc</unit><ucd>pos.distance</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column></table></schema></tableset></ri:Resource>