J/AJ/167/103ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/167/103doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51670103CDSJudkovsky Y.Ofir A.Aharonson O.2024-11-06T20:19:20Z2024-05-28T07:37:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsastrometryWe fit a dynamical model to Kepler systems that contain four or more transiting planets using the analytic method AnalyticLC and obtain physical and orbital parameters for 101 planets in 23 systems, of which 95 are of mass significance better than 3{sigma}, and 46 are without previously reported mass constraints or upper limits. In addition, we compile a list of 71 Kepler objects of interest that display significant transit impact parameter variations (TbVs), complementing our previously published work on two- and three-transiting-planet systems. Together, these works include the detection of significant TbV signals of 130 planets, which is, to our knowledge, the largest catalog of this type to date. The results indicate that the typical detectable TbV rate in the Kepler population is of order 10^-2^/yr and that rapid TbV rates (>~0.05/yr) are observed only in systems that contain a transiting planet with an orbital period less than ~20days. The observed TbV rates are only weakly correlated with orbital period within Kepler's <~100-day-period planets. If this extends to longer periods, it implies a limit on the utility of the transit technique for long-period planets. The TbVs we find may not be detectable in direct impact parameter measurements, but rather are inferred from the full dynamics of the system, encoded in all types of transit variations. Finally, we find evidence that the mutual inclination distribution is qualitatively consistent with the previously suggested angular momentum deficit model using an independent approach.2024AJ....167..103Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/167/103CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/197/2 : Transit timing observations from Kepler. I. (Ford+, 2011)J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)J/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler system transit timing observations (Steffen+, 2012)J/A+A/555/A58 : New Kepler planetary candidates (Ofir+, 2013)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planet in Keplers multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/ApJ/785/15 : Transit times for Kepler-79s planets (Jontof-Hutter+, 2014)J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs. IX. Full long-cadence data set (Holczer+, 2016)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)J/A+A/605/A72 : Planetary systems AMD-stability (Laskar+, 2017)J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey. VII. (Fulton+, 2018)J/ApJS/234/9 : Spectral approach to transit timing variations (Ofir+, 2018)J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses and radii (Weiss+, 2018)J/AJ/161/246 : Transit time variations 12 exoplanets (Jontof-Hutter+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/103https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/103http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/167/103https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/103https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/103http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/167/103GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/AJ/167/103/table1Physical and orbital elements of our solutions that pass all testsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSubsetSource, A=Paper II; B=this work (1)meta.bibcharAdopted[0/1] 1=Adopted solutionmeta.codeintID[1/5] Run identifiermeta.idintNameKepler Planet Namemeta.id;meta.maincharKOIKepler object of interestmeta.idfloatPer[0.7/500] Mean orbital perioddtime.period;stat.meandoubleMp/M*[0.73/1429] Planet-to-star mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatE_Mp/M*[0.1/58] Upper uncertainty on Mp/M*stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mp/M*[-67/0] Lower uncertainty on Mp/M*stat.errorfloatMp[0.2/597] Absolute planet mass (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mp[0.04/37] Upper uncertainty on Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mp[-45/-0.04] Lower uncertainty on Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatrhop[0.04/49] Absolute planet density (3)g.cm**-3phys.columnDensityfloatE_rhop[0.004/20] Upper uncertainty on rhopg.cm**-3stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_rhop[-45/-0.004] Lower uncertainty on rhopg.cm**-3stat.errordoubleRadp[0.96/12.1] Absolute planet radius (4)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatE_Radp[0.01/2] Upper uncertainty on Radp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Radp[-0.6/-0.02] Lower uncertainty on Radp(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatdex[-0.3/0.26] Eccentricity difference to preceding planet in x (5)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleE_dex[0.0005/0.2] Upper uncertainty on dexstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_dex[-0.2/-0.0006] Lower uncertainty on dexstat.errordoubledey[-0.47/0.58] Eccentricity difference to preceding planet in y (6)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleE_dey[0.0006/0.2] Upper uncertainty on deystat.error;stat.maxdoublee_dey[-0.5/-0.0006] Lower uncertainty on deystat.errordoubleIx[-31.4/34.8] Inclination around the line of sight ("roll angle") (7)degsrc.orbital.inclination;spect.linefloatE_Ix[0/23] Upper uncertainty on Ixdegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Ix[-21/0] Lower uncertainty on Ixdegstat.errorfloatIy[-4.39/7.1] Inclination relative to the line of sight (8)degsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatE_Iy[0.004/7] Upper uncertainty on Iydegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Iy[-3/-0.004] Lower uncertainty on Iydegstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/167/103/table2Light curve transit and MMR-proximity parameters of all analyzed planetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSubset[AB] Source, A=Paper II; B=this work (1)meta.bibcharAdopted[0/1] 1=Adopted solutionmeta.codeintIDRun identifiermeta.idintNameKepler Planet Namemeta.id;meta.maincharKOIKepler object of interestmeta.idfloatPer[0.7/1072] Mean orbital perioddtime.period;stat.meandoubleTTVStdBest model TTV stdminstat.stdevcharJ[0/5] J of the nearest first-order resonance J:J-1 (2)meta.codeintDelta[-1/0.48] Normalized distance from the J:J-1 resonance (3)pos.distance;arith.ratiodoubleSPer[0/6612] Super-period of the J:J-1 resonance (4)dtime.perioddoubleT0[0/18] Transit duration at first data time stamphtime.durationfloatE_T0[0.002/1.13] Upper uncertainty on T0hstat.error;stat.maxfloate_T0[-2/0] Lower uncertainty on T0hstat.errorfloatTau0[0.44/161] ingress-egress time at first data time stampmintime;arith.diffdoubleE_Tau0[0/25] Upper uncertainty on Tau0minstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Tau0[-21/0] Lower uncertainty on Tau0minstat.errordoubleb0[-1.01/1.01] impact parameter at BKJD=0src.impactParamdoubleE_b0[0/2] Upper uncertainty on b0stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_b0[-2/0] Lower uncertainty on b0stat.errordoubledbdt[-0.82/0.82] db/dt medianyr**-1src.sample;stat.mediandoubleE_dbdt[0/0.1]Upper uncertainty on db/dtyr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_dbdt[-0.2/0] Lower uncertainty on db/dtyr**-1stat.errordoubleJ/AJ/167/103/table3Stellar parameters of the systems for which valid dynamical solutions were foundrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSubsetSource, A=Paper II; B=this work (1)meta.bibcharKOIKepler object of interestmeta.idintNameKepler Star Namemeta.id;meta.maincharKICKepler Input Catalog numbermeta.idintRefReference (ADS bibcode or NExScI) for Mstar, Rstarmeta.ref;pos.framecharu1[0.23/0.67] first limb-darkening coeff, taken from NExScIphot.limbDarkfloatu2[0.07/0.45] second limb-darkening coeff, taken from NExScIphot.limbDarkfloatMass*[0.5/1.5] Absolute stellar mass, from RefsolMassphys.massfloatE_Mass*[0.01/0.2] Upper uncertainty on Mass*solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass*[-0.2/-0.012] Lower uncertainty on Mass*solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRad*[0.51/1.84] Absolute stellar radius from RefsolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_Rad*[0.006/0.5] Upper uncertainty on Rad*solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Rad*[-0.3/-0.009] Lower uncertainty on Rad*solRadstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/167/103/table4Planets with significant impact parameter variationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSubsetSource, A=Paper II; B=this work (1)meta.bibcharAdopted[0/1] 1=Adopted solutionmeta.codeintNameKepler Planet Namemeta.id;meta.maincharKOIKepler object of interestmeta.idfloatPer[0.7/500] mean orbital perioddtime.period;stat.meandoubleNpl[2/6] model number of planetsmeta.numberintPos[1/6] planet position within the system, from inside to outsideposintb0[-0.94/0.92] impact parameter at BKJD=0src.impactParamdoubleE_b0[0.0004/0.2] Upper uncertainty on b0stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_b0[-0.3/-0.0004] Lower uncertainty on b0stat.errordoubledbdt[-0.77/0.09] db/dt medianyr**-1src.sample;stat.mediandoubleE_dbdt[3e-05/0.05] Upper uncertainty on db/dtyr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_dbdt[-0.04/-3e-05] Lower uncertainty on db/dtyr**-1stat.errordoubleJ/AJ/167/103/table6Instantaneous coordinates, velocities, and orbital elements of the best-fitting parameters for the adopted solutions in this work and in paper IIMass*Star masskgphys.masscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintxInstantaneous Cartesian x coordinate (1)mpos.cartesian.xdoubleyInstantaneous Cartesian y coordinate (1)mpos.cartesian.ydoublezInstantaneous Cartesian z coordinate (1)mpos.distance;pos.cartesian.zdoublevxInstantaneous Cartesian x velocitym.s**-1phys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xdoublevyInstantaneous Cartesian y velocitym.s**-1phys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoublevzInstantaneous Cartesian z velocitym.s**-1phys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zdoubleMasspPlanet masskgphys.masscharT0[120/353] Epoch, days since Barycentric Kepler Julian datedtime.epochintaOrbital semi-major axismphys.angSize.smajAxis;src.orbitaldoubleeEccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublePomegaLongitude of periastronradsrc.orbital.periastrondoubleiOrbital inclinationradsrc.orbital.inclinationdoubleOmegaLongitude of the ascending noderadsrc.orbital.nodedoubleMeanMean anomalyradsrc.orbital.meanAnomalydoublePos[1/6] Planet position within the system, from inside to outsideposintKOIKepler object of interestmeta.notefloatNameKepler Planet Namemeta.id;meta.maincharsigmaN-body {sigma}stat.stdevchar