J/AJ/166/183ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/166/183doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51660183CDSVioque M.Cavieres M.Pantaleoni Gonzalez M.Ribas A.Oudmaijer R.D.,Mendigutia I.Kilian L.Canovas H.Kuhn M.A.2023-10-17T12:06:40Z2023-10-12T09:19:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsstellar-associationsvisible-astronomyWe have selected 337 intermediate- and high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs; 1.5-20M_{sun}_) well-characterized with spectroscopy. By means of the clustering algorithm HDBSCAN, we study their clustering and association properties in the Gaia DR3 catalog as a function of stellar mass. We find that the lower-mass YSOs (1.5-4M_{sun}_) have clustering rates of 55%-60% in Gaia astrometric space, a percentage similar to that found in the T Tauri regime. However, intermediate-mass YSOs in the range 4-10M_{sun}_ show a decreasing clustering rate with stellar mass, down to 27%. We find tentative evidence suggesting that massive YSOs (>10M_{sun}_) often (yet not always) appear clustered. We put forward the idea that most massive YSOs form via a mechanism that demands many low-mass stars around them. However, intermediate-mass YSOs form in a classical core-collapse T Tauri way, yet they do not appear often in the clusters around massive YSOs. We also find that intermediate- and high-mass YSOs become less clustered with decreasing disk emission and accretion rate. This points toward an evolution with time. For those sources that appear clustered, no major correlation is found between their stellar properties and the cluster sizes, number of cluster members, cluster densities, or distance to cluster centers. In doing this analysis, we report the identification of 55 new clusters. We tabulated all of the derived cluster parameters for the considered intermediate- and high-mass YSOs.2023AJ....166..183Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/166/183CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/183https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/183http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/183https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/183https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/183http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/183GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/166/183/table1 (Clustering properties of the 263 intermediate and high-mass YSOs analysed between 350 and 4000pc)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/183/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/183/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/183/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.877727447661865.66459933402540.0055555555555555566/852 1289 1430 1457 1591 1781 1836 1933 3004 3023 3028 3038 3047 3052 3057-3058 3060-3061 3071 3142 3245 3282 3285 3297 3301 3307 3312 3610 3616 3723 12954 13996 14009 14014 14031 14040 14054 14242 14257 14263 14306 14309-14311 14314 14322 14326 14344 14347 14353 14372 14409 14438 14440 14630 14646 14655 14682 14685 14687 14690 14696 14700 15368 15370 15379-15380 15397 15409 15432 15443 15478 15629 15654 15664 15680 15683-15684 15686 15690 15695 15701 15759 15840 15965 16131 20761 20831 20934 21274 21285 21336-21337 21396 21402 21421 21430 21436 21438-21439 21456-21458 21480 21635 21638-21639 21643 21665 22020 22196 22235 22249 22829 22841 22854-22855 22860-22861 22863 22886 22892 23637 23641 23644 23717 23727 23736 23795 23798 23850 23970 24156 24449 28809 28908 28918 29094 29114-29115 29119 29253 29457 29463 29478 29504 29527 30188 30242-30244 30251 30258 30263 30307 30319 30355 30363 30419 30462 30632 30661 34926 37169 37244 37362 37365-37366 37676 37714 37744 37871 37883 37886 37890 37896-37897 37916 37923 37926 37928 37931-37932 37934 38002 38018 39179 39228 39254 39259-39260 39290 39407 39883 39908-39909 39926 39929 41598 41630 41662 41682 41684 41696-41698 41734 41746 41812 42171 42213 42217 42360 42382 42392 42395 42416 42437 42455 42492 42496 43035 43052 434441.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/166/183?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/166/183/table1Clustering properties of the 263 intermediate and high-mass YSOs analysed between 350 and 4000pcCDen? Density of stars per pc^2^pc**-2src.densityfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameMain SIMBAD identifiermeta.idcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 identifiermeta.id;meta.main5D-30-30HDBSCAN cluster probability in 5d astrometric space with 'min_samples'=30 and 'min_cluster_size'=30stat.fit.goodnessfloat3D-30-30HDBSCAN cluster probability in 3d astrometric space with 'min_samples'=30 and 'min_cluster_size'=30stat.fit.goodnessfloat5D-10-10HDBSCAN cluster probability in 5d astrometric space with 'min_samples'=10 and 'min_cluster_size'=10stat.fit.goodnessfloat3D-10-10HDBSCAN cluster probability in 3d astrometric space with 'min_samples'=10 and 'min_cluster_size'=10stat.fit.goodnessfloatRA_ICRSRight Ascension in decimal degrees (ICRS) at Ep=2016degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination in decimal degrees (ICRS) at Ep=2016degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmagGaia DR3 mean G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatDistDistance to sourcepcpos.distancefloatE_DistUpper uncertainty in Distpcstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DistLower uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorfloatMass? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableE_Mass? Upper uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Mass? Lower uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatnullableNum? Number of cluster membersmeta.numberintnullableR80? Radius containing 80% of cluster's starspcphys.size.radiusfloatnullableDCenter? Distance to cluster centerpcpos.distancefloatnullableHDBSCANHDBSCAN configuration that yielded cluster identification, or isolated starsmeta.codecharNoteAdditional notes (1)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar