J/AJ/166/11ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/166/11doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51660011CDSPass E.K.Winters J.G.Charbonneau D.Irwin J.M.Latham D.W.,Berlind P.Calkins M.L.Esquerdo G.A.Mink J.2025-01-24T20:10:48Z2024-09-25T13:24:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocitysurveysCold Jovian planets play an important role in sculpting the dynamical environment in which inner terrestrial planets form. The core accretion model predicts that giant planets cannot form around low-mass M-dwarfs, although this idea has been challenged by recent planet discoveries. Here, we investigate the occurrence rate of giant planets around low-mass (0.1-0.3M{sun}) M-dwarfs. We monitor a volume-complete, inactive sample of 200 such stars located within 15pc, collecting four high-resolution spectra of each M-dwarf over six years and performing intensive follow-up monitoring of two candidate radial velocity variables. We use TRES on the 1.5m telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and CHIRON on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5m telescope for our primary campaign, and MAROON-X on Gemini-North for high-precision follow up. We place a 95% confidence upper limit of 1.5% (68% confidence limit of 0.57%) on the occurrence of MP sini>1MJ giant planets out to the water snow line and provide additional constraints on the giant planet population as a function of MP sini and period. Beyond the snow line (100K<Teq<150K), we place 95% confidence upper limits of 1.5%, 1.7%, and 4.4% (68% confidence limits of 0.58%, 0.66%, and 1.7%) for 3MJ<MP sini<10MJ, 0.8MJ<MP sini<3MJ, and 0.3 MJ<MP sini<0.8 MJ giant planets, respectively; i.e., Jupiter analogs are rare around low-mass M-dwarfs. In contrast, surveys of Sun-like stars have found that their giant planets are most common at these Jupiter-like instellations.2023AJ....166...11Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/166/11CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/407/1157 : UVES sky atlas (Hanuschik+, 2003)J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJ/791/54 : Nearby M Dwarfs parameters (Gaidos+, 2014)J/AJ/149/166 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HATS-6 (Hartman+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/A+A/576/A48 : Radial velocity monitoring for 6 stars (Moutou+, 2015)J/ApJ/800/85 : Teff, radii and luminosities of cool dwarfs (Newton+, 2015)J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)J/A+A/620/A171 : Radial velocities of GJ 3779 and GJ 1265 (Luque+, 2018)J/A+A/614/A122 : Radial-velocity of CARMENES M dwarfs (Tal-Or+, 2018)J/AJ/157/52 : Radial velocity obs. in super-Earth systems (Bryan+, 2019)J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ3512 radial velocity and light curves (Morales+, 2019)J/AJ/159/267 : Observations & radial velocity of HATS-71b (Bakos+, 2020)J/ApJS/250/29 : Search for nearby Earth analogs. III. RV sets (Feng+, 2020)J/ApJ/905/107 : Spectroscopic activity indicators of TIC stars (Medina+, 2020)J/AJ/159/290 : RVs of 12 spectroscopic binaries M-dwarfs (Winters+, 2020)J/AJ/162/61 : Radial velocity followup Barnards star with HPF (Lubin+, 2021)J/AcA/71/1 : OGLE wide-orbit exoplanets (Poleski+, 2021)J/AJ/161/63 : Mdwarfs with 0.1<~M/M{sun}<~0.3 within 15pc (Winters+, 2021)J/AJ/164/238 : Radial velocity of GJ 463 with HRS and HIRES (Endl+, 2022)J/AJ/163/125 : Light curve & radial velocity 4 giants planets (Jordan+, 2022)J/AJ/164/81 : Radial velocity & photometric flux of TOI3757 (Kanodia+, 2022)J/other/Sci/377.1211 : RV and LC of 8 M dwarf stars with planets (Luque+, 2022)J/AJ/163/156 : THYME. VI. TOI-1227 radial velocity (Mann+, 2022)J/A+A/663/A48 : Two Saturn-mass planets around M dwarfs (Quirrenbach+, 2022)J/AJ/163/168 : Photometry and radial velocity of LTT 1445A (Winters+, 2022)J/AJ/165/120 : g & i'-band light curve of TOI-5205 with SDSS (Kanodia+, 2023)J/A+A/673/A69 : LTT 1445A ESPRESSO observations (Lavie+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/166/11https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/166/11GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/166/11/table2 (Stellar properties & RV variability for our 200 stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/11/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/11/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/166/11/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.1518231-40.73413330.0055555555555555566/22 105 131 239 467 865 1109 1423 1460 1712 2472 2737 3005 3727 3889 3943 4073 4421 4553 5009 5041 5343 5590 5601 6026 6552 6705 6894 6902 6951 7103 7937 7980 7984 8023 8562 8588 8592 8894 9109 9428 9801 9885 10037 10278 10416 10448 10544 12157 12439 12865 13567 13688 13875 13965 14549 14985 15311 15346 15548 16266 16361 16754 16847 17348 17943 17954 18268 18761 18970 19040 19549 19668 20345 20923 21151 21480 21838 21925 22014 22336 22645 22719 23047 23293 23718 23735 23753 23910 23997 24249 24507 24616 24843 24995 25009 25091 25261 25300 25954 26487 26623 26972 27104 27273 27459 27519 27820 28978 29855 30189 30522 30833 31216 31767 31781 31811 31991 32076 32093 32104 32229 32553 32753 33016 33533 33630 33909 33964 34448 35113 35247 35355 35499 35520 35670 35761 35841 35969 36088 36614 36658 36701 36871 36941 36971 37122 37257 37302 37332 37519 37602 37865 38238 38464 39439 39585 39784 40386-40387 40505 40623 41324 41516 41540 42054 42721 42784 43149 43444 43580 43723 43814 43851 43867 44147 44970 45076 45102 45213 45372 45671 45878 46123 46463 46718 46736 46750 46840 46953 47251 47347 47677 47813 48500 48768 48906 48935https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/166/11?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/166/11/table2Stellar properties & RV variability for our 200 starsLum[0.0008/0.011] Stellar luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatPchi2[0.008/0.993] Probability that the data can be explained by a constant modelstat.fit.goodnessfloatW21Display data from Winters+ 2021, J/AJ/161/63meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimary2MASS2MASS identifiermeta.idcharMass[0.1/0.3] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatJ/AJ/166/11/table1Radial-velocity measurements & their uncertaintiesInstInstrument, T=TRES; C=CHIRONinstrchare_rRV3[20/243] Uncertainty in rRV3, observation 3m/sstat.error;phys.veloc;arith.diffinte_rRV4[20/470] Uncertainty in rRV4, observation 4m/sstat.error;phys.veloc;arith.diffintPchi2[0.008/0.993] Probability that the data can be explained by a constant model.stat.fit.goodnessfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource name (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryBJD1[-2238/1589] Barycentric Julian Date, BJD-2457640, observation 1dtime.epochdoubleBJD2[-943/1738] Barycentric Julian Date, BJD-2457640, observation 2dtime.epochdoubleBJD3[-916/1786] Barycentric Julian Date, BJD-2457640, observation 3dtime.epochdoubleBJD4[276/2072] Barycentric Julian Date, BJD-2457640, observation 4dtime.epochdoublerRV1[-64/85] Relative radial velocity, m/s, observation 1m/sphys.veloc;arith.diffintrRV2[-61/121] Relative radial velocity, m/s, observation 2m/sphys.veloc;arith.diffintrRV3[-146/381] Relative radial velocity, m/s, observation 3m/sphys.veloc;arith.diffintrRV4[-194/259] Relative radial velocity, m/s, observation 4m/sphys.veloc;arith.diffinte_rRV1[20/93] Uncertainty in rRV1, observation 1m/sstat.error;phys.veloc;arith.diffinte_rRV2[20/170] Uncertainty in rRV2, observation 2m/sstat.error;phys.veloc;arith.diffint