J/AJ/165/33ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/165/33doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/be-55-11CDSDai F.Masuda K.Beard C.Robertson P.Goldberg M.Batygin K.,Bouma L.Lissauer J.J.Knudstrup E.Albrecht S.Howard A.W.,Knutson H.A.Petigura E.A.Weiss L.M.Isaacson H.Kristiansen M.H.,Osborn H.Wang S.Wang X.-Y.Behmard A.Greklek-McKeon M.,Vissapragada S.Batalha N.M.Brinkman C.L.Chontos A.Crossfield I.,Dressing C.Fetherolf T.Fulton B.Hill M.L.Huber D.Kane S.R.,Lubin J.MacDougall M.Mayo A.Mocnik T.Akana Murphy J.M.,Rubenzahl R.A.Scarsdale N.Tyler D.Van Zandt J.Polanski A.S.,Schwengeler H.M.Terentev I.A.Benni P.Bieryla A.Ciardi D.Falk B.,Furlan E.Girardin E.Guerra P.Hesse K.M.Howell S.B.Lillo-Box J.,Matthews E.C.Twicken J.D.Villasenor J.Latham D.W.Jenkins J.M.,Ricker G.R.Seager S.Vanderspek R.Winn J.N.2026-07-02T11:44:36Z2024-01-10T13:41:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsg-starsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityConvergent disk migration has long been suspected to be responsible for forming planetary systems with a chain of mean-motion resonances (MMRs). Dynamical evolution over time could disrupt the delicate resonant configuration. We present TOI-1136, a 700{+/-}150Myr old G-star hosting at least six transiting planets between ~2 and 5 R{Earth}. The orbital period ratios deviate from exact commensurability by only 10^-4^, smaller than the ~10^-2^ deviations seen in typical Kepler near-resonant systems. A transit-timing analysis measured the masses of the planets (3-8M{Earth}) and demonstrated that the planets in TOI-1136 are in true resonances with librating resonant angles. Based on a Rossiter-McLaughlin measurement of planet d, the star's rotation appears to be aligned with the planetary orbital planes. The well-aligned planetary system and the lack of a detected binary companion together suggest that TOI-1136's resonant chain formed in an isolated, quiescent disk with no stellar flyby, disk warp, or significant axial asymmetry. With period ratios near 3:2, 2:1, 3:2, 7:5, and 3:2, TOI-1136 is the first known resonant chain involving a second-order MMR (7:5) between two first-order MMRs. The formation of the delicate 7:5 resonance places strong constraints on the system's migration history. Short-scale (starting from ~0.1au) Type-I migration with an inner disk edge is most consistent with the formation of TOI-1136. A low disk surface density ({Sigma}1au<~103g/cm^2^; lower than the minimum-mass solar nebula) and the resultant slower migration rate likely facilitated the formation of the 7:5 second-order MMR.2023AJ....165...33Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/165/33CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/890 : Keck radial velocities of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2010)J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/A+A/583/A73 : Color-period diagram for M48 (NGC2548) (Barnes+, 2015)J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet candidates discovered using K2 1 yr (Crossfield+, 2016)J/AJ/152/105 : Kepler-80 transit timing observations (MacDonald+, 2016)J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members rot periods from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star parallaxes from asteroseismology/Gaia (Huber+, 2017)J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey. VII. Planet rad gap (Fulton+, 2018)J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN {Sigma} algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)J/AJ/155/106 : New Doppler velocity measurement of GJ876 (Millholland+, 2018)J/AJ/156/254 : California-Kepler Survey.VI.multis & singles (Weiss+, 2018)J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses and radii (Weiss+, 2018)J/ApJ/879/49 : Rot periods for 171 Gaia members of NGC 6811 (Curtis+, 2019)J/MNRAS/491/5287 : Exoplanet evaporation multitransiting systems (Owen+, 2020)J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)J/AJ/162/197 : Photometry, rotation & Li open cluster NCG2516 (Bouma+, 2021)J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A26 : TOI-178 six transiting planets (Leleu+, 2021)J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. Discover new stellar association (Tofflemire+, 2021)J/AJ/164/215 : Candidate members of Cep-Her, RSG-5 and CH-2 (Bouma+, 2022)J/A+A/657/A7 : Stellar & substellar comp from Gaia EDR3 (Kervella+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/165/33https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/165/33GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/165/33/table10 (Planetary parameters of TOI-1136)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/33/table10?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/33/table10?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/165/33/table10?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true192.184885864.85531890.0055555555555555566/11918https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/165/33?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/165/33/RVelCombined table from original tablesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleRVelRadial velocitym/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVelError on RVelm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatJ/AJ/165/33/transitMeasured mid-transit times of TOI-1136 planetsPlanetPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEpochEpochtime.epochintBJDMid-transit time; BJD-2457000dtime.epochdoublee_BJDError on BJDdstat.errorfloatf_Planet? Flag (1)meta.codeintnullableJ/AJ/165/33/table10Planetary parameters of TOI-1136lambda[5]? Sky-projected stellar obliquitydegpos.cartesianintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRp/R*[0.01/0.05] Planet/stars radius ratiophys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoublee_Rp/R*[0.0005/0.002] Negative error on Rp/R*stat.errordoubleE_Rp/R*[0.0005/0.002] Positive error on Rp/R*stat.error;stat.maxdoubleb[0.15/0.71] Impact parametersrc.impactParamfloate_b[0.05/0.2] Negative error on bstat.errordoubleE_b[0.04/0.2] Positive error on bstat.error;stat.maxdoublea/R*[11.2/50.6] Scaled semimajor axispos.distance;arith.ratiofloate_a/R*[0.2/2] Negative error on a/R*stat.errordoubleE_a/R*[0.2/2] Positive error on a/R*stat.error;stat.maxdoubleTdur[2.07/5.8] Transit durationhrtime.intervalfloate_Tdur[0.07/0.3] Negative error on Tdurhrstat.errordoubleE_Tdur[0.01/0.3] Positive error on Tdurhrstat.error;stat.maxdoublei[86.4/89.7] Orbital inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloate_i[0.1/0.6] Negative error on idegstat.errordoubleE_i[0.1/0.4] Positive error on idegstat.error;stat.maxdoubleMp/M*[8e-06/3e-05] Planet/Star mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiodoublee_Mp/M*[2e-06/1e-05] Negative error on Mp/M*stat.errordoubleE_Mp/M*[2e-06/2e-05] Positive error on Mp/M*stat.error;stat.maxdoublePorb[4.17/40] Orbital perioddtime.perioddoublee_Porb[0.0001/0.003] Negative error on Porbdstat.errordoubleE_Porb[0.0001/0.004] Positive Error on Porbdstat.error;stat.maxdoubleM[-113/170] Mean anomalydegsrc.orbital.meanAnomalyinte_M[8/74] Negative error on Mdegstat.errordoubleE_M[5/59] Positive error on Mdegstat.error;stat.maxdoublee[0.01/0.12] Orbital eccentriciysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloate_e[0.009/0.03] Negative error on estat.errordoubleE_e[0.01/0.04] Positive error on estat.error;stat.maxdoubleomega[45/140] Argument of pericenter ({omega})degsrc.orbitalinte_omega[4/99] Negative error on omegadegstat.errordoubleE_omega[7/89] Positive error on omegadegstat.error;stat.maxdoubleecosw[0.002/0.05] Ecceentricity vector (ecos{omega})pos.dirCosfloate_ecosw[0.01/0.02] Negative error on ecoswdegstat.errorfloatE_ecosw[0.006/0.03] Positive error on ecoswdegstat.error;stat.maxfloate_lambda[5]? Error on lambdadegstat.errorintnullablel_psi[<]? Limit sign on psimeta.code.errorcharpsi? Stellar obliquity ({psi})degpos.cartesiancharvsini*[6.7]? Stellar rotational broadeningkm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableesinw[0.001/0.2] Eccentricity vector (esin{omega})degsrc.orbital.eccentricityfloate_esinw[0.007/0.03] Negative error on esinwdegstat.errorfloatE_esinw[0.01/0.04] Positive error on esinwdegstat.error;stat.maxfloatOMEGA[0] Longitude of ascending node (fixed)degsrc.orbital.nodeintif[90] Orbitale inclination (fixed)degsrc.orbital.inclinationinte_vsini*[0.6]? Error on vsini*km/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableRad[1.9/4.63] Planetary radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloate_Rad[0.06/0.2] Negative error on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errorfloatE_Rad[0.06/0.3] Psotive error on Rad(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;stat.maxfloatMass[3.01/8.3] Planetary mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_Mass[0.8/4] Negative error on Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatE_Mass[0.7/5] Positive error on Mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloatTransitTransit measurementsmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main